-
1 производная по времени
1) Engineering: time derivative2) Mathematics: derivative with time3) Makarov: time rate of change4) Combustion gas turbines: time differentialУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > производная по времени
-
2 zeitlicher Differenzialquotient
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik > zeitlicher Differenzialquotient
-
3 производная
derivative матем.* * *произво́дная ж. мат.
derivativeбрать произво́дную — derive, differentiateпроизво́дная от … по … — derivative of … with respect to …абсолю́тная произво́дная — absolute derivativeаэродинами́ческая произво́дная — aerodynamic derivativeпроизво́дная ве́ктора — derivative of a vectorпроизво́дная второ́го поря́дка — second-order derivative, derivative of the second orderпроизво́дная вы́сшего поря́дка — higher derivative, derivative of higher orderпроизво́дная дро́бного поря́дка — fractional derivativeле́вая произво́дная — left-hand [backward] derivativeлогарифми́ческая произво́дная — logarithmic derivativeпроизво́дная по вре́мени — time derivativeпроизво́дная подъё́мной си́лы по углу́ ата́ки — lift(-curve) slopeпо́лная произво́дная — total derivativeпроизво́дная по направле́нию — directional derivativeпроизво́дная по норма́ли — normal derivativeпроизво́дная n [m2]-го поря́дка от фу́нкции … — the n -th derivative of a function …пра́вая произво́дная — right-hand [forward] derivativeста́ршая произво́дная — highest derivativeпроизво́дная усто́йчивости — stability derivativeча́стная произво́дная — partial derivative -
4 तद् _tad
तद् pron., a. (Nom. sing. सः m., सा f., तत् n.)1 That referring to something not present; (तदिति परोक्षे विजानी- यात्)-2 He, she, it; (oft. as corr. of यद्); यस्य बुद्धिर्बलं तस्य Pt.1.-3 That i. e. well-known; सा रम्या नगरी महान्स नृपतिः सामन्तचक्रं च तत् Bh.3.37; Ku.5.71.-4 That (referring to something seen or experienced before, अनुभूतार्थः; उत्कम्पिनी भयपरिस्खलितांशुकान्ता ते लोचने प्रतिदिशं विधुरे क्षिपन्ती K. P.7; Bv.2.5.-5 The same, identical, that, very; usually with एव; तानीन्द्रियाणि सकलानि तदेव नाम Bh.2.4. Sometimes the forms of तद् are used with the first and second personal pronouns, as well as with demonstratives and relatives, for the sake of emphasis; (often translatable by 'therefore', 'then'); सो$हमिज्याविशुद्धात्मा R.1.69; 'I that very person', 'I therefore'; (I who am so and so); स त्वं निवर्तस्व विहाय लज्जाम् 2.4 'thou, therefore, shouldst return', &c. When repea- ted तद् has the sense of 'several', 'various'; तेषु तेषु स्थानेषु K.369; Bg.7.2; Māl.1.36; ते ते भावाः 1.17. तेन the instr. of तद् is often used with adverbial force in the sense of 'therefore', 'on that account', 'in that case', 'for that reason.' तेन हि if so, well then. -ind.1 There, thither.-2 Then, in that case, at that time.-3 For that reason, therefore, consequently; तदेहि विमर्दक्षमां भूमिमवतरावः U.5; Me.7,19; R.3.46.-4 Then (corr. of यदि); तथापि यदि महत्कुतूहलं तत्कथयामि K.136; Bg.1.46. -n.1 The Supreme Spirit or Brahman; तद्भावभावी तद्बुद्धिः Mb.12. 323.29; Bg.17.23.-2 This world.-Comp. -अतिपात a. going beyond the bounds.-अनन्तर a. next to that. (-ind.) immediately after that, thereupon.-अनु ind. after that, afterwards; संदेशं मे तदनु जलद श्रोष्यसि श्रोत्र- पेयम् Me.13; R.16.87; Māl.9.26.-अनुसरणम् going after that.-अन्त a. perishing in that, ending thus.-अन्य a. other than that.-अपेक्ष a. having regard to that.-अर्थ, -अर्थीय a.1 intended for that.-2 having that meaning.-अर्थम् on that account, with that object, therefore; स्वस्रीयं मम राजेन्द्र द्रष्टुकामो महीपतिः । तदर्थ- मुपयातो$हमयोध्यां रघुनन्दन ॥ Rām.1.73.4.-अर्ह a. meriting that.-अवधि ind.1 so far; upto that period, till then; तदवधि कुशली पुराणशास्त्रस्मृतिशतचारुविचारजो विवेकः Bv. 2.14.-2 from that time, since then; श्वासो दीर्घस्तदवधि मुखे पाण्डिमा Bv.2.79.-अवस्थ a. so circumstanced.-एकचित्त a. having the mind solely fixed on that; H.-कर a. serving, obeying as servant.-काल 1 the current moment, present time.-2 that time. ˚धी a. having presence of mind.-कालम् ind.1 instantly, immediately.-2 at that time, at a certain time.-कालीन a. simultaneous; ब्रह्मन्कालान्तरकृतं तत्कालीनं कथं भवेत् Bhāg.1.12.41.-क्षणः 1 present, time being, present or current moment; R.1.51.-2 the same moment.-3 a measure of time.-क्षणम्, -क्षणात् ind. immediately, directly, instantly; सेकान्ते मुनिकन्याभिस्तत्- क्षणोज्झितवृक्षकम् R.3.14; Śi.9.5; Y.2.14; Amaru. 83.-क्रिय a. working without wages.-गत a. gone or directed to that, intent on that, devoted to that, belonging to that; तद्गतेनैव चेतसा Ks.3.68. (-तः) the continued multiplication of four or more like quantities.-गुण a. possessing those qualities.(-णः) 1 the quality or virtue of anything; R.1.9.-2 a figure of speech (in Rhet.); स्वमुत्सृज्य गुणं योगादत्युज्ज्वलगुणस्य यत् । वस्तु तद्गुण- तामेति भण्यते स तु तद्गुणः ॥ K. P.1.137; see Chandr.5.141. ˚संविज्ञानः a term applied to those Bahuvrīhi compounds in which the qualities denoted by the name are perceiv- ed along with the thing itself; as लंबकर्ण; cf. अतद्गुणसंविज्ञान also.-ज a. immediate, instantaneous.-ज्ञः a knowing or intelligent man, wise man, philosopher.-तृतीय a. doing that for the third time.-देश्य a. coming from the same country.-देश्यः a fellow countryman.-धन a. miserly, niggardly.-धर्मिन् a. obeying his laws; तद्धर्मिणां निवसतां विषमः स्वभावः Bhāg.3.15.32.-धर्म्य a. of that kind; Bhāg.5.14.2.-पदार्थः the Supreme Being.-पर a.1 following that, coming after that, inferior.-2 having that as the highest ob- ject, closely intent on, exclusively devoted to, eagerly engaged in (usually in comp.); सम्राट् समाराधनतत्परो$भूत् R.2.5;1.66; Me.1; Y.1.83; Ms.3.262.-3 diligent. (-रः) the thirtieth part of a twinkling of the eye. (-रा) one sixtieth of a second of a circle. ˚ता, ˚त्वम्1 intentness, entire devotion or addiction to a thing.-2 inferiority.-परायण a. solely devoted or attached to anything.-पुरुषः 1 the original or Supreme Spirit.-2 N. of a class of compounds in which the first member determines the sense of the other member, or in which the last member is defined or qualified by the first, without losing its original independence; as तत्पुरुषः; तत्पुरुष कर्मधारय येनाहं स्यां बहुव्रीहिः Udb. उत्तरपदप्रधानस्तत्पुरुषः-पूर्व a.1 happening or occurring for the first time; अकारि तत्पूर्वनिबद्धया तया Ku.5.1;7.3; R.2.42;14.38.-2 prior, former.-पूर्वम् ind. that for the first time; Ki.7.11.-प्रथम a. doing that for the first time; Ku.5.66.-फल a. having that as a fruit or result.(-लः) 1 the white water-lily.-2 a kind of perfume.-बलः a kind of arrow.-भव a. sprung from Sanskṛit &c. (as Prākṛit or other words).-भावः becoming that.-मात्रम् 1 merely that, only a trifle, a very small quantity; तन्मात्रादेव कुपितो राजा Ks.6.15.-2 (in phil.) a subtle and primary element (such as शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस and गन्ध) तन्मात्राण्यविशेषाः Sān. K.38; गणस्तन्मात्रपञ्चकश्चैव Sān. K.24; Bhāg.11.24.7.-मात्रिक a. consisting of rudi- mentary atoms; अर्थस्तन्मात्रिकाज्जज्ञे Bhāg.11.24.8.-राजः an affix added to some proper names to form from them the names of the 'king' or 'chief'; as from अङ्ग is formed आङ्ग 'king of the Aṅgas' by the affix अण्.-रूप a. thus shaped, so formed; of the same quality.-वाचक a. denoting or signifying that.-विद् a.1 knowing that.-2 knowing the truth.-विद्य a. a Connoisseur, expert.-विध a. of that kind or sort; भक्त्योपपन्नेषु हि तद्विधानां प्रसादचिह्नानि पुरः फलानि R.2.22; Ku.5.73; Ms.2.112.-संख्याक a. of that number; Y.2.6. com.-समनन्तरम् ind. immediately upon that; Ks.4.24.-स्थ a. being on or in that, connected with it. (-स्थः) a particular mode of multiplication.-हित a. good for that.-(तः) 1 an affix added to primary bases to form derivative or secondary bases from them.-2 a noun formed by a Taddhita affix, a derivative noun. -
5 производная
ж. мат. derivativeпроизводная от … по … — derivative of … with respect to …
производная n-го порядка от функции … — the n-th derivative of a function …
-
6 catalogación derivada
(n.) = derived cataloguing, copy cataloguing, derivative cataloguingEx. This article differentiates between original and derived cataloguing suggesting that there should be little demand for original cataloguing in most small health libraries.Ex. Results revealed that copy cataloguing from the National Union Catalogue took less time and cost less than original cataloguing.Ex. The author recommends that judaica libraries and librarians devote greater attention to cataloguing with greater emphasis on creative rather than derivative cataloguing.* * *(n.) = derived cataloguing, copy cataloguing, derivative cataloguingEx: This article differentiates between original and derived cataloguing suggesting that there should be little demand for original cataloguing in most small health libraries.
Ex: Results revealed that copy cataloguing from the National Union Catalogue took less time and cost less than original cataloguing.Ex: The author recommends that judaica libraries and librarians devote greater attention to cataloguing with greater emphasis on creative rather than derivative cataloguing. -
7 poco
adj.not much, a small amount of, a small quantity of, little.adv.little, not very, not much.m.little.* * *► adjetivo1 little (plural) few, not many1 little (en plural) not many■ pocos conocen la importancia del descubrimiento not many people realize the importance of the discovery► adverbio1 little, not much■ voy poco por allí I rarely go there, I go there very little1 a little, a bit■ ¿me das un poco? could you give me a little?\a poco de shortly afterdentro de poco soon, presentlyhace poco not long agopocas veces rarely, not often, seldompoco a poco slowly, gradually, bit by bitpoco antes shortly beforepoco después shortly afterwardspoco después de shortly afterpoco más o menos more or lesspoco menos que almost, nearlypor poco nearlypor si fuera poco as if that weren't enough, to top it all, on top of everything————————1 little (en plural) not many■ pocos conocen la importancia del descubrimiento not many people realize the importance of the discovery► adverbio1 little, not much■ voy poco por allí I rarely go there, I go there very little* * *1. adv.little, few- por poco 2. (f. - poca)pron.little, few3. (f. - poca)adj.little, few, not much* * *1. ADJ1) [en singular] little, not muchtenemos poco tiempo — we have little time, we don't have much time
hay muy poco queso — there's very little cheese, there's hardly any cheese
con poco respeto — with little respect, with scant respect
el provecho es poco — the gain is small, there isn't much to gain
•
poca cosa, no te preocupes por tan poca cosa — don't worry about such a little thingcomemos, jugamos a cartas, leemos y poca cosa más — we eat, play cards, read and do little else o and that's about it
es poca cosa — (=no mucho) it's not much; (=no importante) it's nothing much
es muy guapa pero poca cosa — she's very pretty, but there isn't much to her
•
y por si fuera poco — and as if that weren't enough, and to cap it all2) [en plural] few, not manypocos niños saben que... — few o not many children know that...
tiene pocos amigos — he has few friends, he hasn't got many friends
2. PRON1) [en singular]a) (=poca cosa)la reforma servirá para poco — the reform won't do much good o won't be much use
b)• un poco — a bit, a little
-¿tienes frío? -un poco — "are you cold?" - "a bit o a little"
he bebido un poco, pero no estoy borracho — I've had a bit to drink, but I'm not drunk
le conocía un poco — I knew him a bit o slightly
espera un poco — wait a minute o moment
estoy un poco triste — I am rather o a little sad
•
un poco como, es un poco como su padre — he's rather o a bit like his father•
un poco de, un poco de dinero — a little money¡un poco de silencio! — let's have some quiet here!
c) [referido a tiempo] not longtardaron poco en hacerlo — it didn't take them long to do it, they didn't take long to do it
•
a poco de — shortly after•
cada poco — every so often•
dentro de poco — shortly, soon•
hace poco — not long agofuimos a verla hace poco — we visited her not long ago, we visited her quite recently
la conozco desde hace poco — I haven't known her long, I've only known her for a short while
2) [en plural] fewpocos son los que... — there are few who...
como hay pocos —
3. ADV1) [con verbos] not much, littlecuesta poco — it doesn't cost much, it costs very little
vamos poco a Madrid — we don't go to Madrid much, we hardly ever go to Madrid
lo estiman poco — they hardly value it at all, they value it very little
2) [con adjetivos: se traduce a menudo por medio de un prefijo]poco inteligente — unintelligent, not very intelligent
3) [otras locuciones]*¡poco a poco! — steady on!, easy does it!
¿a poco? — never!, you don't say!
¡a poco no! — not much! *
¿a poco no? — (well) isn't it?
¿a poco crees que...? — do you really imagine that...?
•
de a poco — LAm gradually•
tener en poco, tiene en poco a su jefe — she doesn't think much of her boss•
por poco — almost, nearlypor poco me ahogo — I almost o nearly drowned
•
a poco que, a poco que pueda — if at all possiblea poco que corras, lo alcanzas — if you run now you'll catch it
* * *Ihabla poco — he doesn't say much o a lot
II... con lo poco que le gusta el arroz —... and he doesn't even like rice; para locs ver poco III 4)
qué poco sentido común tienes! — you don't have much common sense, do you?
IIIfue asombroso, todo lo que te pueda decir es poco — it was amazing, I can't (even) begin to tell you
- ca pronombre1) (poca cantidad, poca cosa)por poco que gane... — no matter how little o however little she earns...
lo poco que gana se lo gasta en vino — he spends the little o what little he earns on wine
compra más lentejas, nos quedan muy pocas — buy some more lentils, we've hardly any left
2) poco ( refiriéndose a tiempo)lo vi hace poco — I saw him recently o not long ago
a poco de venir él — soon o shortly after he came
poco antes de que... — a short while o shortly before...
3) un pocoa) ( refiriéndose a cantidades) a little; ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a whileb)un poco de: un poco de pimienta/vino a little (bit of) pepper/wine; come un poco de jamón — have a bit of ham
c)un poco + adj/adv: un poco caro/tarde — a bit o a little expensive/late
4) (en locs)a poco — (Méx)
¿a poco no lees los periódicos? — don't you read the newspapers?
de a poco — (AmL) gradually
agrégale la leche de a poquito — add the milk gradually o a little at a time
en poco: en poco estuvo que no viniéramos we almost didn't come; tienen en poco la vida ajena they set little value on other people's lives; me tienes bien en poco si crees que... you can't think very highly o much of me if you think...; poco a poco gradually; poco más o menos approximately, roughly; poco menos que nearly; poco menos que la mata (fam) he almost killed her; poco menos que los echan a patadas (fam) they practically kicked them out; por poco — nearly
* * *= little [less -comp., least -sup.], low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], scant, trifle, tad, little in the way of.Ex. Explanatory references give a little more explanation as to why the link between two names is being made in the catalogue or index.Ex. Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.Ex. Scant attention is paid to evaluation and the needs of users.Ex. She had been a trifle nervous until it was formally announced that the position was hers.Ex. Williams is one of those rare poets who satisfies the yearning that many of us have for the memorable phrase we wish we had said were our perceptions a tad keener.Ex. Without any significant restructuring, the LIS programme in Iran will provide little in the way of riding out the rapid transition that the field is currently experiencing.----* abultar poco = be skimpy.* acercarse poco a poco (a) = edge (toward(s)).* actuar con poca consideración hacia = play + fast and loose with.* agua poco profunda = shallow water.* aguas poco profundas = shallows.* alimentos poco saludables = unhealthy foods.* a poca distancia = not far behind.* a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.* a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.* a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* avanzar poco a poco (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).* cada pocos años = every few years.* comida poco saludable = unhealthy foods.* comportamiento poco cívico = uncivic behaviour.* con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].* con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.* con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.* con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom.* con muy pocas excepciones = with few exceptions.* con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).* con poca claridad = indistinctly.* con poca exactitud = loosely.* con poca experiencia = inexperienced.* con poca iluminación = dimly illuminated.* con poca imaginación = unimaginatively.* con poca naturalidad = stiltedly.* con poca población = thinly populated.* con pocas habilidades = poor-ability.* con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].* con poco dinero = on the cheap.* con poco entusiasmo = half-heartedly.* con pocos recursos = under-resourced.* con pocos recursos económicos = low-budget.* consumir poco a poco = eat away at.* con tan poca antelación = at such short notice.* con tan poca anticipación = at such short notice.* correr poco a poco = eat away at.* cuestiones poco claras = grey area [gray area].* de forma poco ética = unethically.* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.Ex. When the security services carry out acts of terror, they employ patsies who often are petty criminals or people who are mentally backward or mentally unstable.----* de manera poco ética = unethically.* de manera poco profesional = unprofessionally.* demasiado poco común = all too rare.* de modo poco imaginativo = unimaginatively.* dentro de poco = before long.* de población poco densa = sparsely populated.* de poca importancia = menial, small-time.* de poca monta = hack, small-time.* de pocas luces = dim [dimmer -comp., dimmest -sup.], dim-witted [dimwitted].* de poco impacto = low impact [low-impact].* de poco peso = pat, feeble.* de poco provecho = fruitless.* de poco uso = low-use.* de poco valor = a dime a dozen.* desaparecer poco a poco = fade into + the sunset.* de todo un poco = about this and that and everything else, about this and that.* de un modo poco constructivo = unconstructively.* de un modo poco económico = wastefully.* de un modo poco natural = unnaturally.* donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.* durar poco = be short term.* echar poco a poco = dribble.* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.* en el caso poco probable de que = in the unlikely case (that).* en muy poco tiempo = before long.* en pocas palabras = simply put, in brief, to say the least, to put it (quite) simply, in short, to cut a long story short, bottom line, the, put simply, to make a long story short, the short story + be, simply stated.* en poco tiempo = before very long, in quite a short time, in a short time, in a short span of time.* en unos pocos años = within a few years.* estar poco dispuesto = be reluctant.* estar poco representado = underrepresent [under-represent].* estar un poco anticuado = be some years old.* excusa poco convincente = lame excuse.* faltar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).* faltar un poco = be some way off.* gente de poca importancia = small fry, the.* haber poca duda de que = there + be + little doubt that.* hace muy poco tiempo = a short time ago.* hace poco tiempo = a short time ago.* hacer poca distinción entre... y... = make + little distinction between... and....* hacer poco = do + little.* hacer que sea poco probable = render + unlikely.* hace unos pocos años = a few years ago.* hace unos pocos días = a few days ago.* hasta hace muy poco = until recently, up until recently.* hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo = until relatively recently.* horas de poca actividad = slack hours.* horas de poco movimiento = slack hours.* introducirse poco a poco = ease + Reflexivo + in.* ir poco más allá de + Infinitivo = go little further than + Gerundio.* llegar poco a poco = dribble in.* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.* mucho ruido para pocas nueces = much ado about nothing.* mucho ruido y pocas nueces = storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.* muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.* muy poco = minimally.* ofrecer poco = low-ball.* operación de poca monta = one-room, one-person operation.* pagando un poco más = at additional cost.* parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.* pasar poco a poco = slide into.* período de poca actividad = slack time.* perro ladrador, poco mordedor = barking dogs seldom bite, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.* poca cantidad = trickle.* poca cosa = small fry, the.* poca iluminación = poor lighting.* poca importancia = unimportance, low profile.* poca notoriedad = low profile.* poca probabilidad = slim chance.* poca severidad = lenience, leniency.* pocas expectativas = low expectation.* poca utilidad = unhelpfulness.* poco abundante = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.].* poco accesible = unapproachable.* poco acertado = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], injudicious.* poco acogedor = inhospitable.* poco aconsejable = unwise, inadvisable.* poco adecuado = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.* poco + Adjetivo = slightly + Adjetivo, less than + Adjetivo.* poco afortunado = unhappy, ill-favoured [ill-favored, -USA].* poco agraciado = ill-favoured [ill-favored, -USA].* poco amable = off-putting, surly [surlier -comp., surliest -sup.], crusty [crustier -comp., crustiest -sup.], unkind.* poco americano = un-American.* poco amistoso = off-putting, unfriendly.* poco antes de + Fecha = shortly before + Fecha.* poco a poco = gradually, piecemeal, slowly, incrementally, at a snail's pace, little by little, bit by bit.* poco apreciado = unappreciated.* poco apropiado = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.* poco apto = inapt.* poco arriesgado = low-risk.* poco asequible = unapproachable.* poco atractivo = off-putting, unattractive, unglamorous, uninviting, unappealing.* poco atrevido = unadventurous.* poco audaz = unadventurous.* poco aventurero = unadventurous.* poco cabelleroso = ungentlemanlike.* poco cálido = lukewarm.* poco científico = hit-or-miss, unscientific.* poco cívico = uncivic.* poco claro = confusing, fuzzy [fuzzier - comp., fuzziest -sup.], indistinct, obscure, unclear, untidy, hazy, inconclusive, slurred, clouded, blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], undistinguished, uncleared, indistinctive, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* poco colaborador = unresponsive.* poco comercial = uncommercial.* poco competitivo = uncompetitive.* poco complicado = uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly.* poco comprensivo = unsympathetic.* poco común = rare, unfamiliar, unusual, uncommon, unordinary, out of the ordinary.* poco comunicativo = uncommunicative, reserved.* poco confortable = uncomfortable.* poco conocido = obscure, little known.* poco convencido = unconvinced.* poco convencional = unconventional.* poco convincente = unconvincing, inconclusive, pat, feeble.* poco convincentemente = unconvincingly.* poco correcto = ungentlemanlike.* poco cortés = impolite, ungentlemanlike.* poco culto = unenlightened.* poco decidido = half-hearted [halfhearted].* poco definido = blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* poco denso = rarefied.* poco deportivo = unsportsmanlike.* poco después = soon afterwards, shortly afterwards, shortly after, not long after.* poco después de = soon after (that), shortly after.* poco después de que = shortly after.* poco diestro = poor-ability.* poco diplomático = indiscreet.* poco dispuesto = disinclined.* poco dispuesto a colaborar = uncooperative.* poco ducho en las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.* poco económico = uneconomical.* poco efectivo = ineffectual.* poco eficaz = non-efficient.* poco elegante = inelegant, awkward, dowdy [dowdier -comp., dowdiest -sup.].* poco embarazoso = unembarrassing.* poco entusiasta = half-hearted [halfhearted], lukewarm.* poco envidiable = unenviable.* poco estable = unsettled.* poco estético = unaesthetic.* poco estimulador = unchallenging.* poco estimulante = unexciting, uninspiring, unmoving.* poco estricto = lax.* poco ético = unethical.* poco evidente = unnoticed, unnoted.* poco exigente = untaxing, undemanding.* poco favorable = unpromising.* poco favorecedor = unflattering.* poco fiable = unreliable, undependable, flaky [flakey].* poco firme = tenuous, rocky [rockier -comp., rockiest -sup.].* poco flexible = monolithic, inelastic.* poco frecuente = infrequent.* poco fructífero = unfruitful.* poco gratificante = unrewarding, unsatisfying.* poco grato = unwelcome.* poco hábil = poor-ability.* poco habitual = unaccustomed.* poco halagador = unflattering.* poco halagüeño = unflattering.* poco hospitalario = inhospitable.* poco idóneo = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.* poco iluminado = dimly illuminated.* poco imaginativo = unimaginative.* poco importante = menial, small-time.* poco impresionado = unimpressed.* poco informativo = uninformative.* poco intelectual = lowbrow [low-brow].* poco inteligente = unintelligent.* poco intenso = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.].* poco interesante = dull, jackdaw, uninteresting, uninspiring, unremarkable.* poco juicioso = injudicious.* poco justificado = ill-justified.* poco listo = underprepared.* poco maduro = underripe.* poco más = little else.* poco materialista = unworldly.* poco memorable = forgettable.* poco mundano = unwordly.* poco natural = unnatural, stilted.* poco nítido = untidy.* poco normal = unnatural, unordinary, out of the ordinary.* poco novedoso = trite.* poco original = unoriginal.* poco ortodoxo = unorthodox.* poco poblado = thinly populated.* poco práctico = impractical, awkward.* poco preparado = underprepared.* poco probable = unlikely, far-fetched [farfetched].* poco productivo = unproductive.* poco profesional = amateurish, unprofessional.* poco profundo = shallow [shallower -comp., shallowest -sup.].* poco prometedor = bleak, unpromising.* poco propicio = unpromising, unpromising.* poco provechoso = fruitless, unrewarding.* poco prudente = ill-advised, ill-judged.* poco pulido = unpolished.* poco razonable = unreasonable.* poco realista = unrealistic, unreal, unwordly, way out in left field, airy-fairy.* poco recomendable = inadvisable.* poco refinado = unrefined, unpolished.* poco rentable = uneconomical.* poco representativo = unrepresentative.* poco romántico = unromantic.* poco sabido = little known.* poco saludable = unwholesome, insalubrious.* poco sano = unwholesome, insalubrious.* poco seguro = dicey [dicier -comp., diciest -sup.].* poco sensato = ill-advised, injudicious, ill-judged.* poco sentimental = unsentimental.* poco serio = flippant.* poco sincero = insincere.* poco sistemático = sloppy [sloppier -comp., sloppiest -sup.].* poco social = unsocial.* poco sofisticado = elementary, unsophisticated, corn-fed.* poco sólido = insubstantial.* poco tiempo = short while, short time.* poco tiempo después = shortly afterwards.* poco tradicional = untraditional.* poco unido = loosely knit.* poco uniforme = patchy [patchier -comp., patchiest -sup.].* poco usado = little-used.* poco usual = unusual.* poco útil = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], unhelpful.* poquito a poco = little by little.* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por mencionar uno pocos = just to name a few.* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por nombrar unos pocos = to name a few.* por poco dinero = cheaply.* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.* por si era poco = for good measure.* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* prestar poca atención a = give + little thought to.* pretexto poco convincente = lame excuse.* quedar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).* quedar un poco = be some way off.* quedar un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* que ocupa poco espacio = space-saving.* qué poco común = how odd.* quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.* reducirse poco a poco = dribble off.* resultar poco fructífero = prove + unfruitful.* roer poco a poco = eat away at.* saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.* sacar poco a poco = tease out.* salir un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* sangre poco espesa = thin blood.* ser algo muy poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.* ser algo poco común = be the exception rather than the rule.* ser algo poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser algo poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.* ser algo poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser de poco valor = be of little use, be of little value.* ser muy poco probable = be remote.* ser poco = be under-provided.* ser poco agradecido = be thankless.* ser poco eficaz = do + little.* ser poco reconocido = be thankless.* ser pocos = be few in number, be small in number.* ser un hecho poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser un hecho poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* servir de poco = be of little use.* servir de poco o nada = be of little or no avail.* solución poco real = pie in the sky solution.* tener poca información = be information poor.* tener pocas luces = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush, knucklehead.* tener pocas posibilidades de = have + little recourse.* tener poco que ver = have + little to do.* tener poco valor = be of little value.* trabajo de poca monta = odd-job.* un hombre de pocas palabras = a man of few words.* unos pocos elegidos = a select few.* un poco = a bit, somewhat, slightly, something of, a little bit, kinda [kind of].* un poco áspero = roughish.* un poco como = kind of like.* un poco de = a measure of, a touch (of), a bit of, a piece of, a spot of, a splash of, a hint of.* un poco + Nombre = a shade + Nombre.* un poco obscuro = dusky.* un poco perdido = a bit at sea.* un poco rugoso = roughish.* usado con poca frecuencia = seldom used [seldom-used].* usuario que hace poco uso del préstamo = light borrower.* utilizar poco = underutilise/under-utilise [underutilize/under-utilize, -USA].* vivienda poco digna = poor housing.* y poco más = and little more.* * *Ihabla poco — he doesn't say much o a lot
II... con lo poco que le gusta el arroz —... and he doesn't even like rice; para locs ver poco III 4)
qué poco sentido común tienes! — you don't have much common sense, do you?
IIIfue asombroso, todo lo que te pueda decir es poco — it was amazing, I can't (even) begin to tell you
- ca pronombre1) (poca cantidad, poca cosa)por poco que gane... — no matter how little o however little she earns...
lo poco que gana se lo gasta en vino — he spends the little o what little he earns on wine
compra más lentejas, nos quedan muy pocas — buy some more lentils, we've hardly any left
2) poco ( refiriéndose a tiempo)lo vi hace poco — I saw him recently o not long ago
a poco de venir él — soon o shortly after he came
poco antes de que... — a short while o shortly before...
3) un pocoa) ( refiriéndose a cantidades) a little; ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a whileb)un poco de: un poco de pimienta/vino a little (bit of) pepper/wine; come un poco de jamón — have a bit of ham
c)un poco + adj/adv: un poco caro/tarde — a bit o a little expensive/late
4) (en locs)a poco — (Méx)
¿a poco no lees los periódicos? — don't you read the newspapers?
de a poco — (AmL) gradually
agrégale la leche de a poquito — add the milk gradually o a little at a time
en poco: en poco estuvo que no viniéramos we almost didn't come; tienen en poco la vida ajena they set little value on other people's lives; me tienes bien en poco si crees que... you can't think very highly o much of me if you think...; poco a poco gradually; poco más o menos approximately, roughly; poco menos que nearly; poco menos que la mata (fam) he almost killed her; poco menos que los echan a patadas (fam) they practically kicked them out; por poco — nearly
* * *= little [less -comp., least -sup.], low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], scant, trifle, tad, little in the way of.Ex: Explanatory references give a little more explanation as to why the link between two names is being made in the catalogue or index.
Ex: Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.Ex: Scant attention is paid to evaluation and the needs of users.Ex: She had been a trifle nervous until it was formally announced that the position was hers.Ex: Williams is one of those rare poets who satisfies the yearning that many of us have for the memorable phrase we wish we had said were our perceptions a tad keener.Ex: Without any significant restructuring, the LIS programme in Iran will provide little in the way of riding out the rapid transition that the field is currently experiencing.* abultar poco = be skimpy.* acercarse poco a poco (a) = edge (toward(s)).* actuar con poca consideración hacia = play + fast and loose with.* agua poco profunda = shallow water.* aguas poco profundas = shallows.* alimentos poco saludables = unhealthy foods.* a poca distancia = not far behind.* a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.* a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.* a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* avanzar poco a poco (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).* cada pocos años = every few years.* comida poco saludable = unhealthy foods.* comportamiento poco cívico = uncivic behaviour.* con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].* con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.* con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.* con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom.* con muy pocas excepciones = with few exceptions.* con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).* con poca claridad = indistinctly.* con poca exactitud = loosely.* con poca experiencia = inexperienced.* con poca iluminación = dimly illuminated.* con poca imaginación = unimaginatively.* con poca naturalidad = stiltedly.* con poca población = thinly populated.* con pocas habilidades = poor-ability.* con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].* con poco dinero = on the cheap.* con poco entusiasmo = half-heartedly.* con pocos recursos = under-resourced.* con pocos recursos económicos = low-budget.* consumir poco a poco = eat away at.* con tan poca antelación = at such short notice.* con tan poca anticipación = at such short notice.* correr poco a poco = eat away at.* cuestiones poco claras = grey area [gray area].* de forma poco ética = unethically.* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.Ex: When the security services carry out acts of terror, they employ patsies who often are petty criminals or people who are mentally backward or mentally unstable.* de manera poco ética = unethically.* de manera poco profesional = unprofessionally.* demasiado poco común = all too rare.* de modo poco imaginativo = unimaginatively.* dentro de poco = before long.* de población poco densa = sparsely populated.* de poca importancia = menial, small-time.* de poca monta = hack, small-time.* de pocas luces = dim [dimmer -comp., dimmest -sup.], dim-witted [dimwitted].* de poco impacto = low impact [low-impact].* de poco peso = pat, feeble.* de poco provecho = fruitless.* de poco uso = low-use.* de poco valor = a dime a dozen.* desaparecer poco a poco = fade into + the sunset.* de todo un poco = about this and that and everything else, about this and that.* de un modo poco constructivo = unconstructively.* de un modo poco económico = wastefully.* de un modo poco natural = unnaturally.* donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.* durar poco = be short term.* echar poco a poco = dribble.* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.* en el caso poco probable de que = in the unlikely case (that).* en muy poco tiempo = before long.* en pocas palabras = simply put, in brief, to say the least, to put it (quite) simply, in short, to cut a long story short, bottom line, the, put simply, to make a long story short, the short story + be, simply stated.* en poco tiempo = before very long, in quite a short time, in a short time, in a short span of time.* en unos pocos años = within a few years.* estar poco dispuesto = be reluctant.* estar poco representado = underrepresent [under-represent].* estar un poco anticuado = be some years old.* excusa poco convincente = lame excuse.* faltar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).* faltar un poco = be some way off.* gente de poca importancia = small fry, the.* haber poca duda de que = there + be + little doubt that.* hace muy poco tiempo = a short time ago.* hace poco tiempo = a short time ago.* hacer poca distinción entre... y... = make + little distinction between... and....* hacer poco = do + little.* hacer que sea poco probable = render + unlikely.* hace unos pocos años = a few years ago.* hace unos pocos días = a few days ago.* hasta hace muy poco = until recently, up until recently.* hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo = until relatively recently.* horas de poca actividad = slack hours.* horas de poco movimiento = slack hours.* introducirse poco a poco = ease + Reflexivo + in.* ir poco más allá de + Infinitivo = go little further than + Gerundio.* llegar poco a poco = dribble in.* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.* mucho ruido para pocas nueces = much ado about nothing.* mucho ruido y pocas nueces = storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.* muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.* muy poco = minimally.* ofrecer poco = low-ball.* operación de poca monta = one-room, one-person operation.* pagando un poco más = at additional cost.* parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.* pasar poco a poco = slide into.* período de poca actividad = slack time.* perro ladrador, poco mordedor = barking dogs seldom bite, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.* poca cantidad = trickle.* poca cosa = small fry, the.* poca iluminación = poor lighting.* poca importancia = unimportance, low profile.* poca notoriedad = low profile.* poca probabilidad = slim chance.* poca severidad = lenience, leniency.* pocas expectativas = low expectation.* poca utilidad = unhelpfulness.* poco abundante = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.].* poco accesible = unapproachable.* poco acertado = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], injudicious.* poco acogedor = inhospitable.* poco aconsejable = unwise, inadvisable.* poco adecuado = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.* poco + Adjetivo = slightly + Adjetivo, less than + Adjetivo.* poco afortunado = unhappy, ill-favoured [ill-favored, -USA].* poco agraciado = ill-favoured [ill-favored, -USA].* poco amable = off-putting, surly [surlier -comp., surliest -sup.], crusty [crustier -comp., crustiest -sup.], unkind.* poco americano = un-American.* poco amistoso = off-putting, unfriendly.* poco antes de + Fecha = shortly before + Fecha.* poco a poco = gradually, piecemeal, slowly, incrementally, at a snail's pace, little by little, bit by bit.* poco apreciado = unappreciated.* poco apropiado = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.* poco apto = inapt.* poco arriesgado = low-risk.* poco asequible = unapproachable.* poco atractivo = off-putting, unattractive, unglamorous, uninviting, unappealing.* poco atrevido = unadventurous.* poco audaz = unadventurous.* poco aventurero = unadventurous.* poco cabelleroso = ungentlemanlike.* poco cálido = lukewarm.* poco científico = hit-or-miss, unscientific.* poco cívico = uncivic.* poco claro = confusing, fuzzy [fuzzier - comp., fuzziest -sup.], indistinct, obscure, unclear, untidy, hazy, inconclusive, slurred, clouded, blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], undistinguished, uncleared, indistinctive, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* poco colaborador = unresponsive.* poco comercial = uncommercial.* poco competitivo = uncompetitive.* poco complicado = uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly.* poco comprensivo = unsympathetic.* poco común = rare, unfamiliar, unusual, uncommon, unordinary, out of the ordinary.* poco comunicativo = uncommunicative, reserved.* poco confortable = uncomfortable.* poco conocido = obscure, little known.* poco convencido = unconvinced.* poco convencional = unconventional.* poco convincente = unconvincing, inconclusive, pat, feeble.* poco convincentemente = unconvincingly.* poco correcto = ungentlemanlike.* poco cortés = impolite, ungentlemanlike.* poco culto = unenlightened.* poco decidido = half-hearted [halfhearted].* poco definido = blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* poco denso = rarefied.* poco deportivo = unsportsmanlike.* poco después = soon afterwards, shortly afterwards, shortly after, not long after.* poco después de = soon after (that), shortly after.* poco después de que = shortly after.* poco diestro = poor-ability.* poco diplomático = indiscreet.* poco dispuesto = disinclined.* poco dispuesto a colaborar = uncooperative.* poco ducho en las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.* poco económico = uneconomical.* poco efectivo = ineffectual.* poco eficaz = non-efficient.* poco elegante = inelegant, awkward, dowdy [dowdier -comp., dowdiest -sup.].* poco embarazoso = unembarrassing.* poco entusiasta = half-hearted [halfhearted], lukewarm.* poco envidiable = unenviable.* poco estable = unsettled.* poco estético = unaesthetic.* poco estimulador = unchallenging.* poco estimulante = unexciting, uninspiring, unmoving.* poco estricto = lax.* poco ético = unethical.* poco evidente = unnoticed, unnoted.* poco exigente = untaxing, undemanding.* poco favorable = unpromising.* poco favorecedor = unflattering.* poco fiable = unreliable, undependable, flaky [flakey].* poco firme = tenuous, rocky [rockier -comp., rockiest -sup.].* poco flexible = monolithic, inelastic.* poco frecuente = infrequent.* poco fructífero = unfruitful.* poco gratificante = unrewarding, unsatisfying.* poco grato = unwelcome.* poco hábil = poor-ability.* poco habitual = unaccustomed.* poco halagador = unflattering.* poco halagüeño = unflattering.* poco hospitalario = inhospitable.* poco idóneo = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.* poco iluminado = dimly illuminated.* poco imaginativo = unimaginative.* poco importante = menial, small-time.* poco impresionado = unimpressed.* poco informativo = uninformative.* poco intelectual = lowbrow [low-brow].* poco inteligente = unintelligent.* poco intenso = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.].* poco interesante = dull, jackdaw, uninteresting, uninspiring, unremarkable.* poco juicioso = injudicious.* poco justificado = ill-justified.* poco listo = underprepared.* poco maduro = underripe.* poco más = little else.* poco materialista = unworldly.* poco memorable = forgettable.* poco mundano = unwordly.* poco natural = unnatural, stilted.* poco nítido = untidy.* poco normal = unnatural, unordinary, out of the ordinary.* poco novedoso = trite.* poco original = unoriginal.* poco ortodoxo = unorthodox.* poco poblado = thinly populated.* poco práctico = impractical, awkward.* poco preparado = underprepared.* poco probable = unlikely, far-fetched [farfetched].* poco productivo = unproductive.* poco profesional = amateurish, unprofessional.* poco profundo = shallow [shallower -comp., shallowest -sup.].* poco prometedor = bleak, unpromising.* poco propicio = unpromising, unpromising.* poco provechoso = fruitless, unrewarding.* poco prudente = ill-advised, ill-judged.* poco pulido = unpolished.* poco razonable = unreasonable.* poco realista = unrealistic, unreal, unwordly, way out in left field, airy-fairy.* poco recomendable = inadvisable.* poco refinado = unrefined, unpolished.* poco rentable = uneconomical.* poco representativo = unrepresentative.* poco romántico = unromantic.* poco sabido = little known.* poco saludable = unwholesome, insalubrious.* poco sano = unwholesome, insalubrious.* poco seguro = dicey [dicier -comp., diciest -sup.].* poco sensato = ill-advised, injudicious, ill-judged.* poco sentimental = unsentimental.* poco serio = flippant.* poco sincero = insincere.* poco sistemático = sloppy [sloppier -comp., sloppiest -sup.].* poco social = unsocial.* poco sofisticado = elementary, unsophisticated, corn-fed.* poco sólido = insubstantial.* poco tiempo = short while, short time.* poco tiempo después = shortly afterwards.* poco tradicional = untraditional.* poco unido = loosely knit.* poco uniforme = patchy [patchier -comp., patchiest -sup.].* poco usado = little-used.* poco usual = unusual.* poco útil = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], unhelpful.* poquito a poco = little by little.* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por mencionar uno pocos = just to name a few.* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por nombrar unos pocos = to name a few.* por poco dinero = cheaply.* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.* por si era poco = for good measure.* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* prestar poca atención a = give + little thought to.* pretexto poco convincente = lame excuse.* quedar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).* quedar un poco = be some way off.* quedar un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* que ocupa poco espacio = space-saving.* qué poco común = how odd.* quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.* reducirse poco a poco = dribble off.* resultar poco fructífero = prove + unfruitful.* roer poco a poco = eat away at.* saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.* sacar poco a poco = tease out.* salir un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* sangre poco espesa = thin blood.* ser algo muy poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.* ser algo poco común = be the exception rather than the rule.* ser algo poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser algo poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.* ser algo poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser de poco valor = be of little use, be of little value.* ser muy poco probable = be remote.* ser poco = be under-provided.* ser poco agradecido = be thankless.* ser poco eficaz = do + little.* ser poco reconocido = be thankless.* ser pocos = be few in number, be small in number.* ser un hecho poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser un hecho poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* servir de poco = be of little use.* servir de poco o nada = be of little or no avail.* solución poco real = pie in the sky solution.* tener poca información = be information poor.* tener pocas luces = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush, knucklehead.* tener pocas posibilidades de = have + little recourse.* tener poco que ver = have + little to do.* tener poco valor = be of little value.* trabajo de poca monta = odd-job.* un hombre de pocas palabras = a man of few words.* unos pocos elegidos = a select few.* un poco = a bit, somewhat, slightly, something of, a little bit, kinda [kind of].* un poco áspero = roughish.* un poco como = kind of like.* un poco de = a measure of, a touch (of), a bit of, a piece of, a spot of, a splash of, a hint of.* un poco + Nombre = a shade + Nombre.* un poco obscuro = dusky.* un poco perdido = a bit at sea.* un poco rugoso = roughish.* usado con poca frecuencia = seldom used [seldom-used].* usuario que hace poco uso del préstamo = light borrower.* utilizar poco = underutilise/under-utilise [underutilize/under-utilize, -USA].* vivienda poco digna = poor housing.* y poco más = and little more.* * *poco1es muy poco agradecido he is very ungrateful, he isn't at all gratefules un autor muy poco conocido he is a very little-known authorme resultó poco interesante I didn't find it very interesting, I found it rather uninterestinghabla poco he doesn't say much o a lotduerme poquísimo she sleeps very little, she doesn't sleep very muchviene muy poco por aquí he hardly ever comes aroundpoco y nada me ayudaron they hardly helped me at all… con lo poco que le gusta el arroz … and he doesn't even like ricemuy poco vino very little winemuy pocos niños very few childrenhemos tenido muy poca suerte we've been very unlucky, we've had very little luck¡qué poco sentido común tienes! you don't have much common sense, do you?tengo muy poca ropa I have hardly any clothes, I have very few clothesa poca gente se le presenta esa oportunidad not many people get that opportunityhay muy pocas mujeres en el gremio there are very few women in the tradeéramos demasiado pocos there were too few of us, there weren't enough of usfue asombroso, todo lo que te pueda decir es poco it was amazing, I can't begin to tell youa esta mujer todo le parece poco this woman is never satisfiedme he olvidado del poco francés/de las pocas palabras que sabía I've forgotten the little French/the few words I knewle dio unos pocos pesos she gave him a few pesosA(poca cantidad, poca cosa): le serví sopa pero comió poca I gave her some soup but she only ate a little o she didn't eat muchsírvele poco, desayunó muy tarde don't give him (too) much, he had a late breakfastpor poco que gane, siempre es otro sueldo no matter how little o however little she earns o even if she doesn't earn much, it's still another salary coming inse conforma con poco he's easily satisfiedpoco faltó para que me pegara he nearly hit mepoco y nada saqué en limpio de lo que dijo what he said made little or no sense to melo poco que gana se lo gasta en vino he spends the little o what little he earns on winecompra más lentejas, nos quedan muy pocas buy some more lentils, we've hardly any left o we have very few leftes un profesor como pocos there aren't many teachers like himpocos pueden permitirse ese lujo not many people can afford to do thatBhace muy poco que lo conoce she hasn't known him for very long, she's only known him a little whiletardó poco en pintar la cocina it didn't take him long to paint the kitchenfalta poco para las navidades it's not long till Christmas, Christmas isn't far offa poco de terminar el bombardeo soon o shortly after the bombing stoppeddentro de poco sale otro tren there'll be another train soon o shortlypoco antes de que ella se fuera a short while o shortly before she leftC1 (refiriéndose a cantidades) a little; (refiriéndose a tiempo) a while¿te sirvo un poco? would you like a little o some?descansemos un poco let's rest for a while, let's have a little restespera un poquito wait a little whiletodavía le duele un poquitín or poquitito it still hurts him a little2un poco de: ponle un poco de pimienta/vino add a little (bit of) pepper/winetiene un poco de fiebre he has a slight fever, he has a bit of a temperature o a slight temperature ( BrE)come un poco de jamón have a bit of o some o a little ham3un poco (hasta cierto punto): es un poco lo que está pasando en Japón it's rather like what's happening in Japanun poco porque me dio lástima partly because I felt sorry for him4 un poco + ADJ/ADV:un poco caro/tarde a bit o a little expensive/lateme queda un poco corto it's a bit short o a little short o slightly too short (for me)habla un poco más fuerte speak up a bit o a littleD ( en locs):¡a poco no está fabuloso Acapulco! isn't Acapulco just fantastic!¡a poco ganaron! don't tell me they won!nos sacamos el gordo de la lotería — ¡a poco ! we won the big lottery prize — you didn't!agrégale la leche de a poquito add the milk gradually o a little at a timede a poquito se lo fue comiendo little by little o slowly she ate it all upen poco: en poco estuvo que nos ganaran they came very close to beating us, they very nearly beat usen poco estuvo que no viniéramos we almost didn't cometienen en poco la vida ajena they set little value on other people's livesme tienes bien en poco si me crees capaz de eso you can't think very highly o much of me if you think I could do such a thingpoco a poco or ( Méx) a poquito graduallypoco a poco la fueron arreglando they gradually fixed it up, they fixed it up little by littlepoco más o menos approximately, roughlyhabrán gastado unos dos millones, poco más o menos they must have spent in the neighborhood o ( BrE) region of two millionpoco menos que nearlyes poco menos que imposible it's well-nigh o almost o very nearly impossiblele pegó una paliza que poco menos que la mata ( fam); he gave her such a beating he almost o nearly killed herpoco menos que los echan a patadas ( fam); they practically kicked them outpor poco nearlypor poco nos descubren we were nearly found out* * *
poco 1 adverbio:◊ habla poco he doesn't say much o a lot;
es muy poco agradecido he is very ungrateful;
un autor muy poco conocido a very little-known author;
viene muy poco por aquí he hardly ever comes around;
para locs ver poco 2 4
poco 2 -ca adjetivo ( con sustantivos no numerables) little;
( en plural) few;
muy pocos niños very few children;
había poquísimos coches there were hardly any cars
■ pronombre
1 (poca cantidad, poca cosa):
por poco que gane … no matter how little o however little she earns …;
se conforma con poco he's easily satisfied;
todo le parece poco she is never satisfied;
pocos quisieron ayudar few were willing to help;
pocos pueden permitirse ese lujo not many people can afford to do that
2
hace muy poco que lo conoce she hasn't known him for very long;
tardó poco en hacerlo it didn't take him long to do it;
falta poco para las navidades it's not long till Christmas;
a poco de venir él soon o shortly after he came;
dentro de poco soon;
poco antes de que … a short while o shortly before …
3◊ un poco
( refiriéndose a tiempo) a while;◊ dame un poco I'll have some o a little;
espera un poco wait a whileb)
c) un poco + adj/adv:◊ un poco caro/tarde a bit o a little expensive/late
4 ( en locs)◊ a poco (Méx): ¡a poco no está fabuloso Acapulco! isn't Acapulco just fantastic!;
¡a poco ganaron! don't tell me they won!;
de a poco (AmL) gradually, little by little;
poco a poco gradually;
poco más o menos approximately, roughly;
por poco nearly
poco,-a
I adjetivo
1 (con el sustantivo en singular) not much, little: tengo poco apetito, I haven't got much appetite
2 (con el sustantivo en plural) not many, few: conozco pocos lugares de Italia, I don't know many places in Italy
II pron (singular) little, not much
(plural) (objetos) few, not many
(personas) few people, not many people ➣ Ver nota en few
III adverbio
1 (con verbo) not (very) much, little: entiendo poco del tema, I don't understand much about the issue
2 (con adjetivo) not very: está poco claro, it's not very clear
3 (de tiempo) hace poco que nos conocemos, we met a short time ago
IV sustantivo masculino
1 (acompañado de adjetivo o adverbio) lo noté un poco molesto, I thought he was a bit annoyed
tendré que hacerlo un poco después, I'll have to do it a little later
2 (acompañando a un sustantivo) dame un poco de agua, give me a little water ➣ Ver nota en little
♦ Locuciones: a poco de, shortly after
dentro de poco, soon
poco a poco, little by little, gradually
poco antes/después, shortly before/afterwards
por poco, almost
' poco' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abreviar
- aclimatarse
- adelgazar
- aguantar
- ahora
- alcornoque
- alentador
- alentadora
- algo
- antes
- apercibirse
- bagatela
- baja
- bajo
- brusca
- brusco
- bruta
- bruto
- buscar
- calentar
- cargada
- cargado
- cascada
- cascado
- cerebral
- chapucera
- chapucero
- chispa
- clara
- claro
- común
- cruda
- crudo
- cualquiera
- de
- dentro
- descuidada
- descuidado
- descuidarse
- desigual
- desmoronada
- desmoronado
- despatarrarse
- despistada
- despistado
- despreciable
- después
- desvaído
- disipar
- dudosa
English:
accomplice
- add to
- adjust
- aerial
- after
- afterwards
- along
- aloof
- amateurish
- balding
- bark
- belly
- bit
- black
- blind
- blow up
- boot
- by
- can
- careless
- chat
- comedown
- confusing
- cowboy
- degree
- derivative
- desultory
- disagreement
- disingenuous
- diving
- do
- dodgy
- doubtful
- dowdy
- earthy
- easy-going
- edge
- effect
- element
- evasion
- exist
- expect
- fall apart
- far-fetched
- fine
- flippant
- forge
- furnish
- fuzzy
- gradually
* * *poco, -a♦ adj(singular) little, not much; (plural) few, not many;de poca importancia of little importance;poca agua not much water;pocas personas lo saben few o not many people know it;hay pocos árboles there aren't many trees;tenemos poco tiempo we don't have much time;hace poco tiempo not long ago;dame unos pocos días give me a few days;esto ocurre pocas veces this rarely happens, this doesn't happen often;tengo pocas ganas de ir I don't really o much feel like going;poca sal me parece que le estás echando I don't think you're putting enough salt in, I think you're putting too little salt in;con lo poco que le gusta la ópera, y la han invitado a La Traviata it's ironic, considering how she dislikes opera, that they should have invited her to see La Traviata♦ pron1. [escasa cantidad] (singular) little, not much;* * *I adj sg little, not much; pl few, not many;un poco de a little;unos pocos a fewII adv little;trabaja poco he doesn’t work much;ahora se ve muy poco it’s seldom seen now;estuvo poco por aquí he wasn’t around much;poco conocido little known;poco a poco little by little;dentro de poco soon, shortly;hace poco a short time ago, not long ago;desde hace poco (for) a short while;por poco nearly, almost;¡a poco no lo hacemos! Méx don’t tell me we’re not doing it;de a poco me fui tranquilizando Rpl little by little I calmed down;por si fuera poco as if that weren’t o wasn’t enoughIII m:un poco a little, a bit* * *poco adv1) : little, not muchpoco probable: not very likelycome poco: he doesn't eat much2) : a short time, a whiletardaremos poco: we won't be very long3)poco antes : shortly before4)poco después : shortly afterpoco, -ca adj1) : little, not much, (a) fewtengo poco dinero: I don't have much moneyen no pocas ocasiones: on more than a few occasionspoca gente: few people2)pocas veces : rarelypoco, -ca pron1) : little, fewle falta poco para terminar: he's almost finisheduno de los pocos que quedan: one of the remaining few2)un poco : a little, a bitun poco de vino: a little wineun poco extraño: a bit strange3)¿a poco no se te hizo difícil?: you mean you didn't find it difficult?4)de a poco : little by little5)hace poco : not long ago6)poco a poco : little by little7)dentro de poco : shortly, in a little while8)por poco : nearly, almost* * *poco1 adj1. (singular) not much2. (plural) few / not manytiene pocos amigos he has few friends / he hasn't got many friendspoco2 adv1. (con verbos) not much2. (no mucho tiempo) not long3. (con adjetivos) not verypoco3 n a little / a bittengo de sobra, toma un poco I've got plenty, take a littlepoco4 pron1. (singular) not muchcompra café, que queda muy poco buy some coffee, there's not much left2. (plural) few / not many¿cuántos vinieron? pocos how many came? not many -
8 darse prisa
v.to hurry up, to hurry, to be quick, to race.María se apresuró por Ricardo Mary hurried up because of Richard.* * *to hurry* * ** * *(v.) = hurry, hurry up, get on + Posesivo + running shoes, shake + a leg, hot-foot it to, make + haste, rattle + Posesivo + dags, get + a wiggle on, put + Posesivo + skates on, get + Posesivo + skates on, get + a move onEx. By systematic, step-by-step consideration free from the pressure to hurry to the next waiting individual, the number of false assumptions can be minimized.Ex. Hurry Up! Last Chance for the Professionals!.Ex. We would like to encourage other institutions who have been teetering on the edge of implementation to get on their running shoes and go for it.Ex. Before daylight on the following morning, we were abruptly awakened by a guard and told to shake a leg or miss breakfast.Ex. Read on for 10 eco-friendly things that you can do with lemons, then hot-foot it to your local farmers' market to stock up.Ex. Lastly, get thou to the apothecary and make haste with a purified protein derivative.Ex. We were often told to ' rattle our dags' as kids when we were getting ready to go out somewhere.Ex. The commission asked the legislators to get a wiggle on, start making changes now.Ex. So it looks like we will have to put our skates on to get there on time.Ex. But the future is just around the corner and we have to get our skates on.Ex. If they want this finished by Autumn 2009 they are going to have to a get a move on, so hopefully they will swing into action pretty soon.* * *(v.) = hurry, hurry up, get on + Posesivo + running shoes, shake + a leg, hot-foot it to, make + haste, rattle + Posesivo + dags, get + a wiggle on, put + Posesivo + skates on, get + Posesivo + skates on, get + a move onEx: By systematic, step-by-step consideration free from the pressure to hurry to the next waiting individual, the number of false assumptions can be minimized.
Ex: Hurry Up! Last Chance for the Professionals!.Ex: We would like to encourage other institutions who have been teetering on the edge of implementation to get on their running shoes and go for it.Ex: Before daylight on the following morning, we were abruptly awakened by a guard and told to shake a leg or miss breakfast.Ex: Read on for 10 eco-friendly things that you can do with lemons, then hot-foot it to your local farmers' market to stock up.Ex: Lastly, get thou to the apothecary and make haste with a purified protein derivative.Ex: We were often told to ' rattle our dags' as kids when we were getting ready to go out somewhere.Ex: The commission asked the legislators to get a wiggle on, start making changes now.Ex: So it looks like we will have to put our skates on to get there on time.Ex: But the future is just around the corner and we have to get our skates on.Ex: If they want this finished by Autumn 2009 they are going to have to a get a move on, so hopefully they will swing into action pretty soon. -
9 ускорение(я)
acceleration(s)
векторная величина, характеризующая быстроту изменения с течением времени вектopa скорости. — a rate of change of velocity. act or process of accelerating, or state of being accelerated.
-, вертикальное — vertical acceleration
-, вибрационное — vibration acceleration
производная скорости по времени, или вторая производная смещения по времени. — this is the derivative of velocity with respect to time, or the second derivative of displacement with respect to time.
-, горизонтальное — horizontal acceleration
-, измеряемое в единицах перегрузки — acceleration measured in g's
-, инерционное — inertial acceleration
-, кориолисовое — carious acceleration
the total acceleration as measured in an inertial coordinate system.
-, отрицательное — deceleration
движение с замедлением (торможением). — the act of moving, or of causing to move, with decreasing speed.
-, поворотное (угловое) — angular acceleration
- свободного падения (у. силы тяжести) — acceleration of gravity (g, g) by international gravity formula g=978.0495 cm per sec squares at sea level at latitude 0.
- траекторное — along-track acceleration
-,угловое — angular acceleration
the rate of change of angular velocity.
-10g под влиянием у. — 10-g /g/ acceleration affected by accelerationРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > ускорение(я)
-
10 apurarse
1 (preocuparse) to get worried, be worried2 ESPAÑOL AMERICANO (darse prisa) to hurry, rush* * *1) to hurry up2) worry* * *VPR1) (=agobiarse) to get upset, worry ( por about, over)se apura por poca cosa — she gets upset o worries about the slightest thing
¡no te apures, que todo se arreglará! — don't worry, everything will be all right!
2) (=esforzarse) to make an effort, go hard at it3) esp LAm (=apresurarse) to hurry, hurry up¡apúrate! — get a move on!
4)apurarse la barba — Esp to have a close shave
* * *= shake + a leg, make + haste, put + Posesivo + skates on.Ex. Before daylight on the following morning, we were abruptly awakened by a guard and told to shake a leg or miss breakfast.Ex. Lastly, get thou to the apothecary and make haste with a purified protein derivative.Ex. So it looks like we will have to put our skates on to get there on time.* * *= shake + a leg, make + haste, put + Posesivo + skates on.Ex: Before daylight on the following morning, we were abruptly awakened by a guard and told to shake a leg or miss breakfast.
Ex: Lastly, get thou to the apothecary and make haste with a purified protein derivative.Ex: So it looks like we will have to put our skates on to get there on time.* * *
■apurarse verbo reflexivo
1 (preocuparse) to worry, get worried: dile que no se apure, tell him not to worry
2 (darse prisa) to rush, hurry
' apurarse' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
moverse
- apurar
English:
hasten
- hurry
- rush
* * *vpr1. Esp, Méx [preocuparse] to worry ( por about);no te apures, ya encontraremos una solución don't worry, we'll find a solutionapúrate o perderemos el tren hurry up or we'll miss the train* * *v/r1 worry;¡no te apures! don’t worry!¡no te apures! there’s no rush* * *vr1) apresurarse: to hurry up2) preocuparse: to worry* * * -
11 уравнение
equation, formula* * *уравне́ние с.
equationуравне́ние ви́да … — an equation of the form …входи́ть в уравне́ние — appear in the equation, enter into the equationвыводи́ть уравне́ние — derive an equationзапи́сывать уравне́ние относи́тельно, напр. ста́ршей произво́дной — write an equation to solve for, e. g., the highest derivativeуравне́ние име́ет еди́нственное реше́ние — the equation has a unique solutionопро́бовать уравне́ние по о́пытным да́нным — check [test] an equation against experimental dataуравне́ние относи́тельно, напр. х — an equation in, e. g., xпо уравне́нию — according to the equationподбира́ть уравне́ние, напр. к гипотети́ческому механи́зму реа́кции — fit an equation, e. g., to a postulated reaction mechanismпревраща́ть уравне́ние в то́ждество — reduce an equation to an identityприводи́ть уравне́ние к сле́дующему ви́ду — reduce an equation to the following formуравне́ние, разреши́мое относи́тельно, напр. х — an equation solvable for, e. g., xразреши́ть уравне́ние относи́тельно, напр. ста́ршей произво́дной — re-write an equation to solve for, e. g., the highest derivative; re-write an equation with, e. g., the highest derivative (on the left-hand side)разреши́ть уравне́ние относи́тельно, напр. х — re-arrange an equation to solve for, e. g., xреша́ть уравне́ние относи́тельно, напр. х — solve the equation for, e. g., xреша́ть уравне́ния совме́стно — solve equations simultaneouslyреша́ть с по́мощью уравне́ния — solve by equationуравне́ние с одни́м неизве́стным — an equation in one unknownсоотве́тствовать уравне́нию — fit an equationсоставля́ть уравне́ние — formulate [form, set up, write] an equationуравне́ние сте́пени n — an equation of degree n [of the nth degree], an nth -degree equationтранспони́ровать уравне́ния — transpose equationsудовлетворя́ть уравне́нию — satisfy an equationуравне́ние адиаба́ты — adiabatic equationалгебраи́ческое уравне́ние — algebraic equationуравне́ние бала́нса — balance (equation)уравне́ние бари́ческой тенде́нции — tendency equationуравне́ние Берну́лли — Bernoulli's theoremбиквадра́тное уравне́ние — biquadratic, biquadratic [quartic] equationуравне́ние Бо́льцмана — Boltzmann equationуравне́ние Ван-дер-Ваа́льса — Van der Waals' equationвеково́е уравне́ние — secular equationве́кторное уравне́ние — vector equationуравне́ние в коне́чных ра́зностях — difference equationуравне́ние во́дного бала́нса — hydrologic [hydrolicity] equationволново́е уравне́ние — wave equationуравне́ние в по́лных дифференциа́лах — total [exact differential] equationуравне́ние второ́й сте́пени — quadratic [second-degree] equationуравне́ние Га́мильтона — canonical equation of motionуравне́ние Ги́ббса-Гельмго́льца — equation of maximum workуравне́ние горе́ния — combustion equationуравне́ние да́льности де́йствия рлк ста́нции, основно́е — (radar) range equationуравне́ние движе́ния — equation of motionуравне́ние движе́ния жи́дкости — flow equationуравне́ние дина́мики — equation of motion, dynamic(al) equationдиофа́нтово уравне́ние — Diophantine equationдифференциа́льное уравне́ние — differential equationдифференциа́льное уравне́ние в по́лных дифференциа́лах — exact (differential) equationдифференциа́льное уравне́ние второ́го поря́дка — second-order differential equationдифференциа́льное уравне́ние в ча́стных произво́дных — partial differential equationдифференциа́льное, обыкнове́нное уравне́ние — ordinary differential equationдифференциа́льное уравне́ние пе́рвого поря́дка — first-order differential equationдифференциа́льное, стохасти́ческое уравне́ние — stochastic differential equationдифференциа́льное уравне́ние управле́ния — control differential equationдифференциа́льно-ра́зностное уравне́ние — differential-difference equationуравне́ние диффу́зии — diffusion equationинтегра́льное уравне́ние — integral equationинтегра́льное уравне́ние пе́рвого ро́да — integral equation of the first kindинтегра́льное уравне́ние Фредхо́льма — Fredholm equationинтегродифференциа́льное уравне́ние — integro-differential equationисхо́дное уравне́ние — input [original] equationкалибро́вочно-инвариа́нтное уравне́ние — gauge-invariant equationканони́ческое уравне́ние — canonical equationквадра́тное уравне́ние — quadratic equationквадра́тное, непо́лное уравне́ние — pure quadratic (equation), incomplete quadratic (equation)квадра́тное, по́лное уравне́ние — affected quadratic (equation), general form of a quadratic equationуравне́ние кинети́ческое уравне́ние — rate [kinetic] equationуравне́ние Клапейро́на — Clapeyron equationуравне́ние коли́чества движе́ния — momentum equationконе́чно-дифференци́руемое уравне́ние — finitely differentiable equationуравне́ние ко́нтурных то́ков — mesh-current [loop-current] equationкуби́ческое уравне́ние — cubic equationлине́йное уравне́ние — linear equationуравне́ние стано́вится лине́йным относи́тельно, напр. вре́мени — the equation becomes linear in, e. g., timeлогарифми́ческое уравне́ние — logarithmic equationуравне́ние Ма́ксвелла — Maxwell's equationмасшта́бное уравне́ние вчт. — transformation equationматериа́льное уравне́ние элк. — constitutive relationма́тричное уравне́ние — matrix equationмаши́нное уравне́ние вчт. — machine equationуравне́ние n [m2]-го поря́дка — equation of the nth order, nth -order equationуравне́ние n [m2]-й сте́пени — nth -degree equation, equation of degree nнеодноро́дное уравне́ние — inhomogeneous [nonhomogeneous] equationнеопределё́нное уравне́ние — indeterminate equationуравне́ние непреры́вности — continuity equationнеприводи́мое уравне́ние — irreducible equationуравне́ние неразры́вности — continuity equationодноро́дное уравне́ние — homogeneous equationокисли́тельно-восстанови́тельное уравне́ние — oxidation-reducton equationопера́торное уравне́ние — operator equationосновно́е уравне́ние — basic equationуравне́ние параболи́ческого ти́па — parabolic equationпараметри́ческое уравне́ние — parametric equationуравне́ние пе́рвого поря́дка — first-order equationуравне́ние пе́рвой сте́пени — simple equationуравне́ние переме́нного то́ка — equation for an alternating currentуравне́ние перено́са — transport [transfer] equationуравне́ние пограни́чного сло́я — boundary-layer equationуравне́ние по́ля — field equationуравне́ние правдоподо́бия — likelihood equationуравне́ние преобразова́ния — transformation equationпрове́рочное уравне́ние ( на чётность) — parity(-check) equationуравне́ние прямо́й в отре́зках — intercept form of [for] the equation of a straight lineуравне́ние прямо́й с угловы́м коэффицие́нтом — slope-intercept form of [for] the equation of a straight lineуравне́ние Пуассо́на — adiabatic equationуравне́ние равнове́сия — equilibrium equationуравне́ние радиолока́ции, основно́е — radar equationуравне́ние радиолока́ции, основно́е, для свобо́дного простра́нства — free-space radar equationуравне́ние разме́рностей — dimensional equationра́зностное уравне́ние — difference equationуравне́ние регре́ссии — regression equationпроверя́ть уравне́ние регре́ссии на адеква́тность по крите́рию Фи́шера — test the adequacy [validity] of the regression equation on the basis of Fisher's variance ratioуравне́ние регули́руемого объе́кта автмт. — plant [process] equationрелятиви́стское уравне́ние — relativistic equationуравне́ние свя́зи — constraint equationскаля́рное уравне́ние — scalar equationскоростно́е уравне́ние — rate [kinetic] equationуравне́ние согласова́ния цвето́в — colour match equationсопряжё́нное уравне́ние — adjoint equationуравне́ние состоя́ния — equation of state, characteristic equationуравне́ние состоя́ния идеа́льного га́за — Clapeyron equationуравне́ние сохране́ния — conservation equationуравне́ние сохране́ния моме́нта коли́чества движе́ния — angular momentum [moment-of-momentum] equationуравне́ние сохране́ния эне́ргии — energy equationуравне́ние с разделя́ющими(ся) переме́нными — equation with variables separable, separable equationуравне́ние сте́пени n — an equation of degree n, an nth -degree equation, an equation of the nth degreeстепенно́е уравне́ние — exponential equationстехиометри́ческое уравне́ние — stoichiometric equationтелегра́фное уравне́ние — telegraphers equationте́нзорное уравне́ние — tensor equationуравне́ние теплово́го бала́нса — heat balance equationуравне́ние теплопрово́дности — heat [heat conduction, heat transfer] equationуравне́ние тече́ния — flow equationто́чное уравне́ние — exact equationуравне́ние траекто́рии — path equationтрансценде́нтное уравне́ние — transcendental equationтригонометри́ческое уравне́ние — trigonometric equationуравне́ние узловы́х потенциа́лов эл. — nodal-voltage equationфункциона́льное уравне́ние — functional equationхарактеристи́ческое уравне́ние — characteristic equationхими́ческое уравне́ние — chemical equationуравне́ние хо́да луче́й опт. — ray-tracing equationцветово́е уравне́ние — trichromatic equationуравне́ние Шре́дингера — Schrцdinger (wave) equationуравне́ние Э́йлера для тре́ния кана́та по цили́ндру — capstan equationуравне́ние Эйнште́йна для вне́шнего фотоэффе́кта — Einstein photoelectric equationэллипти́ческое уравне́ние — elliptic(al) equationэмпири́ческое уравне́ние — empirical equation -
12 Computers
The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the influence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing influence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)[Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and fluently through processing experience.What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the fluidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers
-
13 प्रति
práti
towards, near to;
against, in opposition to;
back, again, in return;
down upon, upon, on;
before nouns it expresses alsoᅠ likeness orᅠ comparison (cf. prati-candra);
orᅠ it forms Avyayibhāvas of different kinds (cf. prati-kshaṇam, prati-graham, praty-agni etc.;
rarely ifc. e.g.. sūpaprati, a little broth Pāṇ. 2-1, 9);
orᅠ as a prep. with usually preceding acc., in the sense of towards, against, to, upon, in the direction of (e.g.. ṡabdamp-, in the dirñdirection of the sound R. ;
agnimpr-, against the fire Mn. ;
alsoᅠ praty-agni ind. Pāṇ. 6-2, 33 Sch. ;
ripumpr-, against the enemy Mn. ;
ātmānampr-, to one's self Ratnâv.);
opposite, before, in the presence of (e.g.. rodasīpr-, befñbefore heaven andᅠ earth RV.);
in comparison, on a par with, in proportion to (e.g.. indrampr-, in comparñcomparison with little RV. ;
sahasrāṇipr-, on a par with i.e. equivalent to thousands ib. ;
alsoᅠ with abl. orᅠ - tas;
cf. Pāṇ. 1-4, 92; II, 3, 11);
in the vicinity of, near, beside, at, on (e.g.. yūpampr-, near the sacrificial post AitBr. ;
gaṅgāmpr-, at orᅠ on the Ganges R. ;
etatpr-, at this point TS. ;
āyodhanampr-, on the field of battle MBh.);
at the time of, about, through, for (e.g.. phālgunampr-, about the month Phālguna Mn. ;
cirampr-, for a long time MBh. ;
bhṛiṡampr-, often, repeatedly Car.);
orᅠ used distributively (cf. Pāṇ. 1-4, 90)
to express at every, in orᅠ on every, severally
(e.g.. yajñampr-, at every sacrifice Yājñ. ;
yajñaṉyajñampr- TS. ;
varshampr-, every year, anually Pañcat. ;
in this sense often comp.;
cf. above);
in favour of, for ( Pāṇ. 1-4, 90 e.g.. pāṇḍavānpr-, in favour of the Pāṇ. MBh.);
on account of, with regard to, concerning ( Pāṇ. ib. ;
e.g.. sīmāmpr-, conconcerning a boundary Mn. ;
gautamampr-, with regñregard to Ganges R.);
conformably orᅠ according to (e.g.. māmpr-, accñaccording to me, i.e. in my opinion Mālav. ;
cf. māmpratyaraṇyavatpratibhāti, « it seems to me like a forest» Hit. ;
nabubhukshitampratibhātikiṉcit, « to a hungry man nothing is of any account» Kāṡ. on Pāṇ. 2-3, 2);
as, for (after a verb meaning, to regard orᅠ consider; cf. Vikr. IV, 69);
orᅠ as prep. with abl. in return orᅠ as compensation for, instead orᅠ in the place of (Pāṇ. 1-4, 92 Sch.) ;
with abl. orᅠ - tas seeᅠ above;
with abl. orᅠ gen. (?) to express, « about», « at the time of» (only prñprativastoḥ, « at daybreak» RV.);
as prep. with gen. = with reference to Hariv. 10967. ;
+ cf. Zd. paiti;
Gk. προτί, ποτί, πρός
pratiin comp. with nouns not immediately connected with roots
2) m. N. of a son of Kuṡa BhP.
-
14 первая производная по времени
Cardiology: first time derivative (http://moscow-translator.ru), first derivative of a function with respect to time (http://moscow-translator.ru)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > первая производная по времени
-
15 recht
I Adj.1. (richtig) right; am rechten Ort in the right place; vom rechten Weg abkommen lose one’s way; fig. go off the rails, stray from the straight and narrow; ich habe keinen rechten Appetit I don’t really feel like eating anything; ganz recht! quite right!, Am. absolutely!; so ist’s recht that’s right, that’s the stuff umg.; es ist nicht recht, dass wenige alles haben it’s not right that everything is in the hands of a few; das ist nur recht und billig it’s only fair ( oder right and proper); das ist alles recht und schön, aber... that’s all very well, but...; alles was recht ist! fair’s fair; (das geht zu weit) you can go too far, there’s a limit; schon recht! all right, Am. umg. alright; was dem einen recht ist, ist dem andern billig what’s sauce (Am. good) for the goose is sauce (Am. good) for the gander2. (passend, angebracht) right, proper, suitable; der rechte Augenblick the right ( oder a suitable) moment3. (gesetzmäßig) lawful, legitimate5. (gut) good6. (akzeptabel) all right, Am. umg. alright; mir ist’s recht I don’t mind, it’s all right (Am. umg. alright) with me, (it) suits me; mir ist alles recht it’s all the same to me, I don’t mind either way; ihm ist jedes Mittel recht he’ll stop (stick umg.) at nothing7. subst.: nach dem Rechten sehen make sure everything’s all right (Am. umg. alright); es war nichts Rechtes it wasn’t the real thing; nichts Rechtes gelernt haben have learnt (Am. learned) no proper trade; aus ihm kann ja nichts Rechtes werden he will never come to anything; nichts Rechtes mit jemandem / etw. anzufangen wissen not know what to do with s.o. / s.th.; Recht, richtig, Ding 2, Licht, schlecht IIII Adv.1. (richtig) properly; recht daran tun zu (+ Inf.) do right to (+ Inf.) es geschieht ihr recht it serves her right; sie will es allen recht machen she wants to please everybody; man kann es nicht allen recht machen you can’t please everyone ( oder all the people all of the time); dir kann man auch nichts recht machen one can’t do anything right for you, everything I do is wrong (for you); ich weiß nicht recht I’m not sure, I really don’t know; wenn ich es mir recht überlege when I think about it; ich werde nicht recht klug daraus I don’t quite know what to make of it; wenn ich Sie recht verstehe if I understand you right(ly); verstehen Sie mich recht! don’t get me wrong; ich seh wohl nicht recht! I must be seeing things; ich hör wohl nicht recht! I can’t believe what you’re saying, say that again; (das kann nicht dein Ernst sein) you can’t be serious; du kommst mir gerade recht just the person I want; iro. you’re the last person I wanted (to see)2. (sehr) very; (ziemlich) rather, bes. Am. somewhat, pretty umg.; recht enttäuscht rather disappointed; recht geschickt rather ( oder very) clever, Am. umg. pretty smart; recht gut pretty good ( oder well); es gefällt mir recht gut I rather ( stärker: really) like it, Am. auch I like it a lot; erst recht all the more (so)* * *das Recht(Anspruch) right;(Gesetz) law* * *Rẹcht [rɛçt]nt -(e)s, -e1) (= Rechtsordnung, sittliche Norm) law; (= Gerechtigkeit) justiceRecht sprechen — to administer or dispense justice
nach geltendem Recht — in law
für das Recht kämpfen — to fight for justice
das Schwurgericht hat für Recht erkannt... — the court has reached the following verdict or has decided...
von Rechts wegen — legally, as of right; (inf
2) pl form = Rechtswissenschaft) jurisprudence3) (= Anspruch, Berechtigung) right (auf +acc to, zu to)seine Rechte geltend machen — to insist on one's rights
ich nehme mir das Recht, das zu tun — I shall make so bold as to do that
sein Recht bekommen or erhalten or kriegen (inf) — to get one's rights, to get what is one's by right
zu seinem Recht kommen (lit) — to gain one's rights; (fig) to come into one's own
auch das Vergnügen muss zu seinem Recht kommen — there has to be a place for pleasure too
der Körper verlangt sein Recht auf Schlaf — the body demands its rightful sleep
gleiche Rechte, gleiche Pflichten — equal rights, equal duties
mit or zu Recht — rightly, with justification
Sie stellen diese Frage ganz zu Recht — you are quite right to ask this question
im Recht sein — to be in the right
es ist unser gutes Recht, zu erfahren... — we have every right to know...
woher nimmt er das Recht, das zu sagen? — what gives him the right to say that?
See:4)er hat recht bekommen — he was right
ich hatte recht, und ich habe recht behalten — I was right and I'm still right
* * *das1) (the collection of rules according to which people live or a country etc is governed: Such an action is against the law; law and order.) law2) (to be fair to someone.) give (someone) his due3) (the law or the administration of it: Their dispute had to be settled in a court of justice.) justice4) (something a person is, or ought to be, allowed to have, do etc: Everyone has the right to a fair trial; You must fight for your rights; You have no right to say that.) right5) (at the right; to the right of something else: the top right-hand drawer of my desk.) right-hand* * *<-[e]s, -e>[rɛçt]ntdas Gericht hat für \Recht erkannt, dass... the court has reached the verdict [or has decided] that...das \Recht war auf ihrer Seite she had right on her side\Recht des Erfüllungsortes lex loci solutionis\Recht des Gerichtsortes lex fori\Recht der unerlaubten Handlungen law of torts\Recht des Kaufvertrags law of sales\Recht der belegenen Sache lex situs [or rei sitae]das \Recht des Stärkeren the law of the jungle\Recht des Vertragsortes lex loci contractusakzessorisches \Recht accessory rightalleiniges/veräußerliches \Recht sole/alienable rightausländisches \Recht foreign lawbürgerliches/kirchliches [o kanonisches] /öffentliches \Recht civil/canon/public lawdispositives \Recht optional rules pl, flexible lawformelles/materielles \Recht procedural/substantive lawgeltendes \Recht prevailing lawobjektives \Recht objective lawpositives \Recht positive lawzwingendes \Recht cogent [or binding] lawdas Recht \Recht to bend the lawdas \Recht brechen to break the lawfür das Recht \Recht to fight for justice\Recht sprechen to dispense [or administer] justice [or the law]das \Recht mit Füßen treten to fly in the face of the lawgegen \Recht und Gesetz verstoßen to infringe [or violate] the lawnach deutschem \Recht in [or under] [or according to] German lawnach geltendem \Recht under existing law2. (juristischer oder moralischer Anspruch) rightgleiches \Recht für alle! equal rights for all!das ist dein gutes \Recht that is your rightmit welchem \Recht hat sie das getan? by what right did she do that?ich nehme mir das \Recht, das zu tun I shall make so bold as to do that▪ jds \Recht auf jdn/etw sb's right to sb/sth\Recht auf Ablehnung eines Richters right of rejectiondas \Recht auf einen Anwalt/auf Verweigerung der Aussage the right to a lawyer/to remain silentdas \Recht auf Arbeit the right to work\Recht auf Entnahme FIN right of withdrawal\Recht auf [rechtliches] Gehör right to be heard [or of audience [in court]]\Recht auf ungestörte Nutzung right of quiet enjoyment\Rechte und Pflichten laws and dutiesabgeleitetes \Recht derivative rightdingliches \Recht right in rem, real rightgrundstücksgleiches \Recht full legal title to landsubjektives \Recht [individual's] rightsubjektiv dingliches \Recht right ad [or in] remwohl erworbenes \Recht vested right [or interest]ein \Recht ausüben/verlieren to exercise/forfeit a rightein \Recht begründen/genießen to establish/enjoy a rightjds \Rechte beeinträchtigen/verletzen to encroach/to trespass upon sb's rightsauf seinem \Recht beharren to stand on one's rightssein \Recht bekommen [o erhalten] [o (fam) kriegen] to get one's rights [or justice] [or one's dues]sein \Recht fordern [o verlangen] to demand one's rightsder Körper verlangt sein \Recht the body demands its dueder Körper verlangt sein Recht auf Schlaf the body demands its due [or rightful] sleepseine \Rechte geltend machen to insist on one's rightsein \Recht auf etw haben to have a right to sthzu seinem \Recht kommen to get justice [or one's rights]; (fig) to be given due attentionauf sein \Recht pochen [o bestehen] to insist on one's rightsauf ein \Recht verzichten to relinquish a rightalle \Rechte vorbehalten all rights reservedwohl erworbene \Rechte acquired [or vested] rightsvon \Rechts wegen legally, as of right; (eigentlich) by rightswas gibt Ihnen das \Recht,...? what gives you the right...?mit welchem \Recht? by what right?woher nimmst du das \Recht, das zu sagen? what gives you the right to say that?jds gutes \Recht sein[, etw zu tun] to be sb's [legal] right [to do sth]das ist mein gutes \Recht it's my rightes ist mein gutes \Recht, zu erfahren... I have every right to know...etw mit [gutem] \Recht tun to be [quite] right to do sthmit [o zu] \Recht rightly, with justificationund das mit \Recht! and rightly so!du stellst mir die Frage ganz zu \Recht you are quite right to ask this question4. (das Richtige, Zustehende) right\Recht bekommen to win one's casejdm \Recht geben to admit that sb is right, to agree with sb\Recht haben to be [in the] rightim \Recht sein to be in the rightDoktor der [o beider] \Rechte Doctor of Laws6.* * *das; Recht[e]s, Rechte1) (Rechtsordnung) lawdas Recht brechen/beugen — break/bend the law
Recht sprechen — administer the law; administer justice
von Rechts wegen — by law; (ugs.): (eigentlich) by rights
2) (Rechtsanspruch) rightdas ist sein gutes Recht — that is his right
alle Rechte vorbehalten — all rights reserved
sein Recht fordern od. verlangen — demand one's rights
zu seinem Recht kommen — (fig.) be given due attention
3) o. Pl. (Berechtigung) right (auf + Akk. to)zu Recht — rightly; with justification
4)jemandem Recht geben — concede or admit that somebody is right
* * *A.1. adj (richtig) right;am rechten Ort in the right place;vom rechten Weg abkommen lose one’s way; fig go off the rails, stray from the straight and narrow;ich habe keinen rechten Appetit I don’t really feel like eating anything;ganz recht! quite right!, US absolutely!;so ist’s recht that’s right, that’s the stuff umg;es ist nicht recht, dass wenige alles haben it’s not right that everything is in the hands of a few;das ist nur recht und billig it’s only fair ( oder right and proper);das ist alles recht und schön, aber … that’s all very well, but …;schon recht! all right, US umg alright;was dem einen recht ist, ist dem andern billig what’s sauce (US good) for the goose is sauce (US good) for the gander2. (passend, angebracht) right, proper, suitable;der rechte Augenblick the right ( oder a suitable) moment3. (gesetzmäßig) lawful, legitimate4. (wirklich) true, real;ein rechter Narr a right (US complete) fool5. (gut) goodmir ist alles recht it’s all the same to me, I don’t mind either way;7. subst:nach dem Rechten sehen make sure everything’s all right (US umg alright);es war nichts Rechtes it wasn’t the real thing;nichts Rechtes gelernt haben have learnt (US learned) no proper trade;aus ihm kann ja nichts Rechtes werden he will never come to anything;nichts Rechtes mit jemandem/etwas anzufangen wissen not know what to do with sb/sth; → Recht, richtig, Ding 2, Licht, schlecht BB. adv1. (richtig) properly;es geschieht ihr recht it serves her right;sie will es allen recht machen she wants to please everybody;man kann es nicht allen recht machen you can’t please everyone ( oder all the people all of the time);dir kann man auch nichts recht machen one can’t do anything right for you, everything I do is wrong (for you);ich weiß nicht recht I’m not sure, I really don’t know;wenn ich es mir recht überlege when I think about it;ich werde nicht recht klug daraus I don’t quite know what to make of it;wenn ich Sie recht verstehe if I understand you right(ly);verstehen Sie mich recht! don’t get me wrong;ich seh wohl nicht recht! I must be seeing things;ich hör wohl nicht recht! I can’t believe what you’re saying, say that again; (das kann nicht dein Ernst sein) you can’t be serious;recht enttäuscht rather disappointed;erst recht all the more (so)recht haben be right;er muss immer recht haben he always has to be right, he always insists he’s right;jemandem recht geben concede ( widerwillig: admit) that sb is right;da muss ich Ihnen recht geben I have to agree with you there;er hat (wieder) recht behalten he was proved (to be) right (again)…recht n im subst1. (Recht auf etwas):Anwesenheitsrecht right to be present;Aufenthaltsrecht right of residence;Einspruchsrecht right to object ( oder to protest);Elternrecht parental right2. Rechtsnorm: lawrecht… adj1. (Ggs link) right;rechte Hand right hand; fig auch right-hand man;2. POL right-wing, rightist3. MATH:rechter Winkel right angle* * *das; Recht[e]s, Rechte1) (Rechtsordnung) lawdas Recht brechen/beugen — break/bend the law
Recht sprechen — administer the law; administer justice
von Rechts wegen — by law; (ugs.): (eigentlich) by rights
2) (Rechtsanspruch) rightsein Recht fordern od. verlangen — demand one's rights
zu seinem Recht kommen — (fig.) be given due attention
3) o. Pl. (Berechtigung) right (auf + Akk. to)zu Recht — rightly; with justification
4)jemandem Recht geben — concede or admit that somebody is right
* * *-e m.due n. -e n.claim n.justice n.law n.privilege n.right n. -
16 блок
(бетонный, песчаника, известняка) brick, assemblage, assembly unit, bank, sheave block, block, box электрон.; вчт., cluster, construction unit, element, organ, structural member, modular unit, module, solid monolith, pack, package, pulley, sheave, slab сил., stack, station, unit* * *блок м.1. ( механизм в форме колеса с жёлобом по окружности) block, pulley2. ( узел машины) unit3. стр. blockавари́йный блок яд. физ. — safety blockавтоно́мный блок вчт. — off-line unitблок аккумуля́торных пласти́н одно́й поля́рности — positive or negative plate groupарифмети́ческий блок вчт. — arithmetic unitбето́нный блок — concrete blockблок вво́да-вы́вода вчт. — input-output unitблок веретена́ текст. — wharve, pulleyвертлю́жный блок — swivel blockвоспринима́ющий блок — sensing unitблок воспроизведе́ния вчт. — reproducing unitблок вы́борки (числа́) вчт. — selection unitблок вы́дачи да́нных — read-out unitблок выделе́ния (сигна́ла) оши́бки — error detectorблок выпускно́го отве́рстия метал. — tap-hole blockвысокочасто́тный блок (передатчика, приёмника) — radio-frequency [r.f., RF] unit, radio-frequency [r.f., RF] sectionвычисли́тельный блок — computing unitблок генера́тор — трансформа́тор — generator-transformer unitблок генера́тор — усили́тель — oscillator-amplifier unitги́псовый блок — gypsum blockги́псовый, перегоро́дочный блок — plaster slabглухо́й блок — dummy blockглухо́й, торцо́вый блок — girder end blockблок горе́лок — burner assemblyблок грузовы́х та́лей — cargo-hoist blockблок да́нных вчт. — data unit, data blockдополня́ть блок да́нных до тре́буемой длины́ (напр. двоичными нулями) — pad a data block with (e. g., binary zeroes)блок да́тчиков — data-transmitter unitблок дви́гателя — engine blockдвойно́й блок — double (sheaved) blockдвушки́вный блок — double (sheaved) blockдиато́мовый блок геол. — diatomaceous blockдифференциа́льный блок — differential blockблок для заполне́ния перекры́тия — filler blockблок дози́рующих кла́панов прок. — metering blockдо́ковый блок — dock blockзадаю́щий блок вчт. — set (up) unitблок заде́ржки1. см. блок запаздывания2. вчт. delay unitзакладно́й блок стр. — blockoutблок замедли́теля ( реактора) — moderator blockблок запа́здывания (для моделирования транспортного запаздывания в системах автоматического управления) — time-delay simulator, time-delay unitзапасно́й блок — spare unitблок за́писей вчт. — record blockкомпонова́ть блок из за́писей — pack a block with recordsразбива́ть блок за́писей на сегме́нты — split a (record) block into segmentsзащи́тный блок стр. — shielding blockзвуково́й блок — sound unit, sound headзвуково́й, магни́тный блок — magnetic sound headблок зу́бчатых колё́с — gear clusterблок имита́ции гистере́зиса — hysteresis unitблок имита́ции зо́ны нечувстви́тельности — dead zone unitблок и́мпульсного генера́тора — pulser boxблок индика́ции — display unitблок информа́ции — information blockисполни́тельный блок — actuating [final-control] unit, actuator; вчт. executive unitка́бельный, многокана́льный блок — multiple-duct conduitка́бельный, моноли́тный блок — monolithic conduitка́бельный, однокана́льный блок — single-duct conduit, one-duct bankкни́жный блок — inner bookблок компенса́ции череду́ющимися возмуще́ниями киб. — posicast compensating sectionконденса́торный блок — gang capacitorконтро́льный блок ( монитор) тлв. — monitor unitблок котё́л — турби́на — single-boiler single-turbine combinationкоте́льный, заводско́й блок — shop-assembled boiler moduleкоте́льный, монта́жный блок — field-assembled boiler moduleлепно́й потоло́чный блок — stucco ceiling blockлито́й блок — slip-cast blockлонг-та́кельный блок — long-tackle blockблок магни́тных голо́вок — head stackблок манипуля́тора — keying unitмногошки́вный блок — multiple (sheaved) blockмно́жительно-дели́тельный блок — multiplier-divider (unit)мо́дульный блок — modular unitблок мозаи́чной структу́ры — mosaic blockблок на грузово́й стреле́ — head blockнакопи́тельный блок ( в запоминающем устройстве) — stackблок намо́точных бараба́нов прок. — winding frameнаправля́ющий блок — lead(ing) blockблок настро́йки1. радио tuner2. автмт. adjusting [setting] unitблок настро́йки анте́нны — aerial [antenna] tuning unitблок настро́йки сопла́ ракет. — nozzle-trim unitнатяжно́й блок — tension blockнеавтоно́мный блок вчт. — on-line unitневосстана́вливаемый блок — “throw-away” unitблок незави́симой переме́нной — independent variable unitнеподви́жный блок стр. — fixed [standing] blockблок обрабо́тки да́нных — processing unitобъё́мный блок стр. — (concrete) box unitобъё́мный, кварти́рный блок — factory-assembled box-formed dwelling unitогнеупо́рный шамо́тный блок — refractory fireclay blockоднопусто́тный блок стр. — unicell blockодношки́вный блок — single(-sheaved) blockоперацио́нный блок — operational unitосновно́й блок ( в системе параллельного резервирования или дублирования) — nonredundant unitотводно́й блок — angle blockоткрыва́ющийся блок стр. — snatch blockблок отрабо́тки магни́тных вариа́ций — magnetic variation unitблок оце́нки — estimation [evaluation] unitблок па́мяти — memory [storage] unitблок па́мяти, бу́ферный — buffer unitблок переключа́телей — gang switchблок пече́й метал. — benchпечно́й блок метал. — furnace blockблок пита́ния1. power [supply] unit2. хим. feeding blockблок плаву́чести мор. — foam buoyancyподви́жный блок — running blockподъё́мный блок ( в отличие от приводного) — load [lifting] blockблок полиспа́ста — tackle blockблок полиспа́ста, ни́жний — hoisting block (of a purchase tackle)блок постоя́нных коэффицие́нтов — scalerбло́ки постоя́нных програ́мм — firmwareприводно́й блок — hauling [operating] blockприё́мно-усили́тельный блок — receiver-amplifier unitблок проби́вки перфока́рт — card punching unitблок прогно́за киб. — prediction unitблок произво́дных автмт. — derivative blockпросто́й блок — single purchaseблок радиотелеметри́ческой за́писи, ка́дровый — histogram recorderблок развё́ртки (осциллоскопа радиолокационного индикатора, электроннолучевой трубки) — брит. time-base circuit, time-base unit; амер. sweep circuit, sweep unitблок, распределя́ющий нагру́зку — distributing blockрегистри́рующий блок — recording unitблок регулиро́вки — adjustment unitрегули́рующий блок — regulating unitрезе́рвный блок — standby unit; ( в системе резервирования) redundant [duplicate] unit, redundant [duplicate] componentреле́йный блок — relay unitру́дный блок — ore blockсво́довый магнези́то-хроми́товый блок — magnesite-chrome roof blockблок свя́зи — coupling unit, couplerблок свя́зи с кана́лом ( в системе передачи данных) — line adapterблок сдви́га — shift unitсдво́енный блок — twin pulley blockселе́кторный блок — strobe unitблок селе́кции и́мпульсов — pulse gating unitсельси́нный блок — synchro unitблок се́точного управле́ния — grid control unitблок синхрониза́ции — synchronizer, timer, timing unitскре́перный блок горн. — scraper blockскулово́й блок мор. — bilge blockсло́жный, кана́тный блок — rope tackleсло́жный, цепно́й блок — chain tackle, chain purchaseслуча́йный блок ( в системах управления) — randomized blockсме́нный блок — plug-in [pluggable] unitсмолодоломи́товый блок — tar-dolomite blockблок согласова́ния анте́нны — aerial-matching [antenna-matching] unit, aerial [antenna] couplerблок сопровожде́ния рлк. — tracking unitблок сравне́ния — comparator (unit)станда́ртный блок — standard unitстекля́нный блок — glass blockстеново́й блок — building blockстеново́й, керами́ческий пустоте́лый блок — clay building tileстеново́й, пустоте́лый блок — hollow building blockстрои́тельный блок — building blockприменя́ть строи́тельные бло́ки под облицо́вку [обкла́дку] — use building blocks for backing up a facing materialстыково́й блок — joint blockсъё́мный блок вчт. — plug-in [pluggable] unitсырцо́вый блок — adobe blockблок телеметри́ческой аппарату́ры — telemetry unitблок трансля́ции — translator unitблок уко́сины, направля́ющий — jib sheaveблок умноже́ния — multiplier (unit)блок управле́ния — control unit, control blockура́новый блок ( ядерного реактора) — slugблок ускори́телей ракет. — boost clusterблок у шпо́ра грузово́й стрелы́ — heel blockблок фазиро́вки анте́нны — aerial [antenna] phasing unitблок фокусиро́вки — focusing blockблок формирова́ния и́мпульсов — pulse shaping [generating] unitблок формирова́ния пусково́го и́мпульса — trigger-pulse generatorблок фототриангуля́ции — (aerial) triangulation block, aeropolygonблок фунда́мента — concrete foundation blockфункциона́льный блок вчт. — functional block, functional unitблок футеро́вки метал. — lining blockхрони́рующий блок радио — clock unitцепно́й блок — chain sheaveблок цепны́х та́лей — chain-hoist blockблок цикло́нов — cyclone batteryцилиндри́ческий, а́нкерный блок — cylindrical blockблок цили́ндров — cylinder blockцифрово́й блок — digital unitблок часто́тной развя́зки — diplexerблок шестерё́н — gear clusterшлакобето́нный блок — slag-concrete [cinder] blockшнурово́й блок ( ручного телефонного коммутатора) — cord pulley weightблок штукату́рки, мая́чный — spacer block -
17 producto
m.1 product (bien, objeto).productos (agrícolas) produceproducto acabado finished productproducto alimenticio foodstuffproductos de belleza cosmeticsproducto final end productproductos lácteos dairy produceproducto manufacturado manufactured productproducto químico chemical2 result, product (resultado).el accidente fue producto de un despiste del conductor the accident resulted from a lapse of attention on the part of the driver3 product (Mat).4 produce, result, return.* * *1 (gen) product2 MATEMÁTICAS product3 (resultado) result, product4 (provecho) fruit\producto acabado finished productproducto interior bruto gross domestic productproducto nacional bruto gross national productproducto químico chemicalproductos agrícolas agricultural produceproductos alimenticios foodstuffsproductos de belleza cosmeticsproductos de limpieza cleaning products* * *noun m.* * *SM1) (=artículo) productproductos de primera necesidad — staple items, staple products, basic necessities
"consuma productos españoles" — "buy Spanish goods"
productos agrícolas — agricultural produce sing, farm produce sing
productos derivados de la leche — dairy products, dairy produce sing
producto químico — chemical product, chemical
productos de marca — branded goods, brand name goods
productos lácteos — dairy products, dairy produce sing
2) (=producción) production3) (=resultado) result, productla clonación es producto de años de investigación — cloning is the result o product of years of research
4) (Econ) (=beneficio) yield, profitproducto interno bruto — Arg gross domestic product
5) (Mat) product* * *1)a) ( artículo producido) productproductos nacionales — home-produced goods o products
b) ( resultado) result, productsu éxito es el producto de mucho esfuerzo — her success is the result o product of a great deal of effort
todo es producto de su imaginación — it's all a product o a figment of his imagination
2) (Mat) product* * *= commodity, product, offering, emanation.Ex. Neither are the latter group, in the course of their professional activities, likely to feel that the treatment of information as a priceable commodity compromises a principle fundamental to their professional ethic.Ex. Printed title indexes which could be used as elementary subject indexes were one of the first products of computerised information retrieval systems.Ex. Currently SilverPlatter's major offering in this key topic area is 'Food Science and Technology Abstracts'.Ex. CCRC has considered radical things that don't seem to fit in with any of these aims, such as abandoning main entry and restricting corporate authorship by eliminating it entirely, and now euphemistically calling it corporate emanation.----* asociación de compradores de un tipo de productos = consumers union.* comercializar un producto = carry, market + product.* comprar comparando productos = shop around, shopping around.* Denominación Común de Productos Industriales (NIPRO) = Common Nomenclature of Industrial Products (NIPRO).* Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).* desarrollo de nuevos productos = product development.* documentos producto de investigación = research materials.* empresa dedicada al desarrollo de productos = product developer.* energía producto de la fisión = fission energy.* evaluación de los productos = product rating.* exposición de productos artesanales = craft show.* gama de productos = product mix, product range.* gestión de la oferta de productos = range management.* industria de los productos lácteos, la = dairy industry, the.* información de precios de productos para el consumo = retail prices.* información sobre un producto = product literature.* ley de responsabilidad por el producto = product liability law.* línea de productos = product line.* oferta de productos = product offering.* producto agrícola = agricultural product, farm product.* producto alimenticio = food product.* producto bandera = showpiece.* producto básico = staple.* producto bibliográfico = bibliographic product.* producto comercial = commercial product, retail product.* producto cosmético = cosmetic product.* producto cultural = cultural product.* producto de = born of.* producto de consumo = consumable, consumer product, convenience product.* producto de cosmética = cosmetic product.* producto de fumigar = fumigant.* producto de importación = imported product.* producto de la combinación = recombinant.* producto de la imaginación = work of imagination.* producto de la información = information commodity.* producto de la necesidad = born of necessity.* producto del conocimiento = knowledge record.* producto de limpieza = cleaning product, cleanser, cleaner.* producto derivado = outgrowth, by-product [byproduct], spinoff [spin-off], off-shoot [offshoot].* producto derivado de la grasa animal = fat product.* producto desconocido = foreign substance.* producto de temporada = seasonal food, seasonal product.* producto emblemático = showpiece.* producto especializado = specialist product.* producto estrella = star product.* producto farmacéutico = pharmaceutical, pharmaceutical product.* producto final = end product, finished product, deliverable, final product.* producto final, el = finished work, the.* producto fresco = fresh food.* producto higiénico = hygiene product.* producto importado = import, imported product.* producto industrial = industrial product.* producto informativo = information product.* producto inorgánicoquímico = inorganic chemical.* Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) = Gross Domestic Product (GDP).* producto lácteo = dairy product, milk product.* producto lógico = logical product.* producto medicinal = medicinal product.* Producto Nacional Bruto (PNB) = Gross National Product (GNP).* producto natural = natural product.* producto ofrecido = offering.* producto orgánicoquímico = organic chemical.* producto para el hogar = household product.* producto para especialistas = specialist product.* producto para la conservación = preservative.* producto para la higiene = hygiene product.* producto para profesionales = specialist product.* producto petroquímico = petrochemical.* producto principal = staple.* producto profesional = specialist product.* producto promocional = tie-in.* producto químico = chemical, chemical product.* producto químico usado en agricultura = agrochemical.* productos = goods, wares, merchandise.* productos agrícolas = agricultural produce.* productos alimenticios = food supply, supply of food.* productos artesanos en madera = woodcraft.* productos cárnicos = meat products.* productos de confitería = confectionery.* productos decorados con tela escocesa = tartanware.* productos de imitación = imitation goods, replica goods.* productos de pastelería = confectionery.* productos de temporada = seasonal produce.* producto secundario = off-shoot [offshoot], by-product [byproduct].* productos enlatados = tinned goods.* productos impresos = print media.* productos lácteos = dairy produce.* productos manufacturados = manufacturing goods, manufactured goods.* productos nacionales = domestic goods.* productos ópticos = optical media, optical products.* productos perecederos = perishables.* productos prohibidos = contraband.* producto tóxico = toxic.* promoción de productos = product-promoting.* representante de productos farmacéuticos = pharmaceutical company representative.* selección de productos = merchandise selection.* ser producto de = spin off, be the product of.* ser un producto de su tiempo = be a product of + Posesivo + time.* tienda de productos ecológicos = health food shop, health food store.* vender un producto = carry.* volver a promover un producto = rehyping.* * *1)a) ( artículo producido) productproductos nacionales — home-produced goods o products
b) ( resultado) result, productsu éxito es el producto de mucho esfuerzo — her success is the result o product of a great deal of effort
todo es producto de su imaginación — it's all a product o a figment of his imagination
2) (Mat) product* * *= commodity, product, offering, emanation.Ex: Neither are the latter group, in the course of their professional activities, likely to feel that the treatment of information as a priceable commodity compromises a principle fundamental to their professional ethic.
Ex: Printed title indexes which could be used as elementary subject indexes were one of the first products of computerised information retrieval systems.Ex: Currently SilverPlatter's major offering in this key topic area is 'Food Science and Technology Abstracts'.Ex: CCRC has considered radical things that don't seem to fit in with any of these aims, such as abandoning main entry and restricting corporate authorship by eliminating it entirely, and now euphemistically calling it corporate emanation.* asociación de compradores de un tipo de productos = consumers union.* comercializar un producto = carry, market + product.* comprar comparando productos = shop around, shopping around.* Denominación Común de Productos Industriales (NIPRO) = Common Nomenclature of Industrial Products (NIPRO).* Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).* desarrollo de nuevos productos = product development.* documentos producto de investigación = research materials.* empresa dedicada al desarrollo de productos = product developer.* energía producto de la fisión = fission energy.* evaluación de los productos = product rating.* exposición de productos artesanales = craft show.* gama de productos = product mix, product range.* gestión de la oferta de productos = range management.* industria de los productos lácteos, la = dairy industry, the.* información de precios de productos para el consumo = retail prices.* información sobre un producto = product literature.* ley de responsabilidad por el producto = product liability law.* línea de productos = product line.* oferta de productos = product offering.* producto agrícola = agricultural product, farm product.* producto alimenticio = food product.* producto bandera = showpiece.* producto básico = staple.* producto bibliográfico = bibliographic product.* producto comercial = commercial product, retail product.* producto cosmético = cosmetic product.* producto cultural = cultural product.* producto de = born of.* producto de consumo = consumable, consumer product, convenience product.* producto de cosmética = cosmetic product.* producto de fumigar = fumigant.* producto de importación = imported product.* producto de la combinación = recombinant.* producto de la imaginación = work of imagination.* producto de la información = information commodity.* producto de la necesidad = born of necessity.* producto del conocimiento = knowledge record.* producto de limpieza = cleaning product, cleanser, cleaner.* producto derivado = outgrowth, by-product [byproduct], spinoff [spin-off], off-shoot [offshoot].* producto derivado de la grasa animal = fat product.* producto desconocido = foreign substance.* producto de temporada = seasonal food, seasonal product.* producto emblemático = showpiece.* producto especializado = specialist product.* producto estrella = star product.* producto farmacéutico = pharmaceutical, pharmaceutical product.* producto final = end product, finished product, deliverable, final product.* producto final, el = finished work, the.* producto fresco = fresh food.* producto higiénico = hygiene product.* producto importado = import, imported product.* producto industrial = industrial product.* producto informativo = information product.* producto inorgánicoquímico = inorganic chemical.* Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) = Gross Domestic Product (GDP).* producto lácteo = dairy product, milk product.* producto lógico = logical product.* producto medicinal = medicinal product.* Producto Nacional Bruto (PNB) = Gross National Product (GNP).* producto natural = natural product.* producto ofrecido = offering.* producto orgánicoquímico = organic chemical.* producto para el hogar = household product.* producto para especialistas = specialist product.* producto para la conservación = preservative.* producto para la higiene = hygiene product.* producto para profesionales = specialist product.* producto petroquímico = petrochemical.* producto principal = staple.* producto profesional = specialist product.* producto promocional = tie-in.* producto químico = chemical, chemical product.* producto químico usado en agricultura = agrochemical.* productos = goods, wares, merchandise.* productos agrícolas = agricultural produce.* productos alimenticios = food supply, supply of food.* productos artesanos en madera = woodcraft.* productos cárnicos = meat products.* productos de confitería = confectionery.* productos decorados con tela escocesa = tartanware.* productos de imitación = imitation goods, replica goods.* productos de pastelería = confectionery.* productos de temporada = seasonal produce.* producto secundario = off-shoot [offshoot], by-product [byproduct].* productos enlatados = tinned goods.* productos impresos = print media.* productos lácteos = dairy produce.* productos manufacturados = manufacturing goods, manufactured goods.* productos nacionales = domestic goods.* productos ópticos = optical media, optical products.* productos perecederos = perishables.* productos prohibidos = contraband.* producto tóxico = toxic.* promoción de productos = product-promoting.* representante de productos farmacéuticos = pharmaceutical company representative.* selección de productos = merchandise selection.* ser producto de = spin off, be the product of.* ser un producto de su tiempo = be a product of + Posesivo + time.* tienda de productos ecológicos = health food shop, health food store.* vender un producto = carry.* volver a promover un producto = rehyping.* * *A1 (artículo producido) productconsuma productos nacionales buy home-produced goods o productslos productos derivados del petróleo products derived from petroleum, petroleum derivativesproductos de granja farm produce2 (resultado) result, productel acuerdo es el producto de varios meses de negociaciones the agreement is the result o product of several months of negotiationssu éxito es el producto de muchos años de esfuerzo her success is the result o product of many years of effortes el típico producto de esa clase de colegio he's the typical product of that kind of schooltodo es producto de su imaginación it's all a product o a figment of his imaginationCompuestos:foodstuffbeauty product, cosmeticwaste product, by-productbrand name productpromotional itemspin-offgross domestic product, GDPdairy productmanufactured productgross national product, GNPstaplechemical product, chemicalby-productfinished productB ( Mat) product* * *
producto sustantivo masculino
◊ productos agrícolas/de granja agricultural/farm produce;
producto alimenticio foodstuff;
producto lácteo dairy product
producto sustantivo masculino
1 (artículo producido) product
productos alimenticios, foodstuffs
2 Econ producto interior bruto (PIB), gross domestic product (GDP)
3 (consecuencia, resultado) esa enciclopedia es producto del esfuerzo de muchas personas, this encyclopedia is the result of a large team's efforts
' producto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
accidental
- anestesia
- anunciar
- dañar
- decolorar
- derivado
- doméstica
- doméstico
- duda
- eficaz
- elaborada
- elaborado
- humectante
- indicada
- indicado
- lanzamiento
- liquidar
- liquidación
- mezcla
- muestra
- obra
- PIB
- PNB
- presentar
- presentación
- promoción
- promocionar
- pura
- puro
- salazón
- salida
- sintética
- sintético
- tierra
- abaratar
- bueno
- calidad
- comercializar
- confianza
- consumir
- contener
- contenido
- cosecha
- cotización
- crear
- cultivo
- desatascador
- desgravar
- desprestigiar
- distinguir
English:
accidental
- bring out
- call
- cleanser
- collaboration
- come out
- competition
- deceive
- development
- domestic
- figment
- finish
- flaw
- GDP
- GNP
- Gross National Product
- hype
- impure
- introduce
- introduction
- label
- launch
- launching
- marketable
- moneymaker
- needlework
- one-off
- opportunity
- patent
- produce
- product
- promote
- promotion
- push
- put off
- reputable
- rework
- spin-off
- staple
- stuff
- test
- top-selling
- trial
- unavailable
- window cleaner
- withdraw
- woodcarving
- chemical
- cleaner
- commodity
* * *producto nm1. [bien, objeto] product;productos agrícolas agricultural produce;un producto derivado del petróleo an oil derivativeproducto acabado finished product;producto alimenticio foodstuff;producto básico [de primera necesidad] staple;productos de belleza cosmetics;producto final end product;Esp producto interior bruto gross domestic product; Am producto interno bruto gross domestic product;producto líder product leader;producto manufacturado manufactured product;producto milagro miracle product;producto nacional bruto gross national product;producto de primera necesidad staple;producto químico chemical;productos de la tierra agricultural o farm produce2. [ganancia] profit3. [resultado] result, product;el accidente fue producto de un despiste del conductor the accident was caused by a lapse of attention on the part of the driver;la obra es el producto de un gran esfuerzo colectivo the work is the product of a great collective effort4. Mat product* * *m product;producto acabado finished product* * *producto nm1) : product2) : proceeds pl, yield* * *producto n product -
18 -ne
1.nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].I.Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;2.and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,
Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,
Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.a.Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:b.ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,
id. Att. 14, 12, 2:nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,
id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,
id. Mil. 29, 78:vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,
id. Mil. 1, 2:ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,
Verg. G. 3, 561;so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,
id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:non praetermittam ne illud quidem,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,
id. ib. 2, 16, 5:numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,
id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,
Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —B.With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),1.In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.(α).With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):(β).VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,
Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:ah, ne saevi tantopere,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,
Verg. A. 6, 832.—With subj.:2.ne me moveatis,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,
Hor. A. P. 406.—In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:3.ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,
id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):illud utinam ne vere scriberem!
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:ne vivam, si scio,
may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,
id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).(α).In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:(β).ego enim, etc.,
there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,
id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,
id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,
id. Sen. 11, 34:ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,
id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?
though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—In restrictive clauses:4.sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,
only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—In clauses which denote a purpose or result.a.Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:b.haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,
Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,
id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,
Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—Ut... ne separated:c.quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,
Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,
id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):II.ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,
Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.A.In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):B.omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,
Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):b.metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,
that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,
id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:metuebat ne indicarent,
Cic. Mil. 21, 57:mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,
id. Mur. 41, 88:hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,
id. Att. 5, 21, 3:id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 715:terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,
Liv. 24, 42 —When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:c.vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,
id. ib. 5, 18, 1:timeo ne non impetrem,
id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—With the negative before the verb:C.non vereor, ne quid temere facias,
Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:2.qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,
Cic. Fat. 1, 1:unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,
Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;(α).which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.In direct interrogations, with indic.:(β).meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:potestne rerum major esse dissensio?
id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:tune id veritus es?
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,
id. Pis. 1, 1:quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?
id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?
Verg. A. 4, 538:tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:valuistin?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:pergin autem?
id. ib. 1, 3, 41:vin commutemus?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;(γ).so quin for quine,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?
Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,
id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:(δ).ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,
Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,
id. Att. 12, 24, 1:videto vasa, multane sient,
Cato, R. R. 1:quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:(ε).quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?
id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:illa rogare: Quantane?
id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:(ζ).misine ego ad te epistulam?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—Rarely = num:b.potestne virtus servire?
Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:potesne dicere?
id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):3.est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,
Liv. 5, 28, 5:cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).I.In gen.:II.ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,
id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:ne iste,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:ne tu hercle,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:edepol ne ego,
id. Men. 5, 5, 10:edepol ne tu,
id. ib. 1, 2, 50:ne ista edepol,
id. Am. 2, 2, 213:ne istuc mecastor,
id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):ne ille, medius fidius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:medius fidius ne tu,
id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:edepol ne meam operam, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.) -
19 n'
1.nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].I.Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;2.and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,
Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,
Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.a.Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:b.ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,
id. Att. 14, 12, 2:nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,
id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,
id. Mil. 29, 78:vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,
id. Mil. 1, 2:ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,
Verg. G. 3, 561;so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,
id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:non praetermittam ne illud quidem,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,
id. ib. 2, 16, 5:numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,
id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,
Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —B.With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),1.In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.(α).With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):(β).VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,
Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:ah, ne saevi tantopere,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,
Verg. A. 6, 832.—With subj.:2.ne me moveatis,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,
Hor. A. P. 406.—In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:3.ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,
id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):illud utinam ne vere scriberem!
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:ne vivam, si scio,
may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,
id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).(α).In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:(β).ego enim, etc.,
there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,
id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,
id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,
id. Sen. 11, 34:ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,
id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?
though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—In restrictive clauses:4.sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,
only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—In clauses which denote a purpose or result.a.Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:b.haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,
Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,
id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,
Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—Ut... ne separated:c.quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,
Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,
id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):II.ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,
Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.A.In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):B.omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,
Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):b.metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,
that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,
id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:metuebat ne indicarent,
Cic. Mil. 21, 57:mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,
id. Mur. 41, 88:hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,
id. Att. 5, 21, 3:id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 715:terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,
Liv. 24, 42 —When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:c.vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,
id. ib. 5, 18, 1:timeo ne non impetrem,
id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—With the negative before the verb:C.non vereor, ne quid temere facias,
Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:2.qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,
Cic. Fat. 1, 1:unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,
Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;(α).which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.In direct interrogations, with indic.:(β).meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:potestne rerum major esse dissensio?
id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:tune id veritus es?
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,
id. Pis. 1, 1:quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?
id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?
Verg. A. 4, 538:tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:valuistin?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:pergin autem?
id. ib. 1, 3, 41:vin commutemus?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;(γ).so quin for quine,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?
Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,
id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:(δ).ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,
Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,
id. Att. 12, 24, 1:videto vasa, multane sient,
Cato, R. R. 1:quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:(ε).quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?
id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:illa rogare: Quantane?
id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:(ζ).misine ego ad te epistulam?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—Rarely = num:b.potestne virtus servire?
Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:potesne dicere?
id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):3.est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,
Liv. 5, 28, 5:cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).I.In gen.:II.ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,
id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:ne iste,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:ne tu hercle,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:edepol ne ego,
id. Men. 5, 5, 10:edepol ne tu,
id. ib. 1, 2, 50:ne ista edepol,
id. Am. 2, 2, 213:ne istuc mecastor,
id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):ne ille, medius fidius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:medius fidius ne tu,
id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:edepol ne meam operam, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.) -
20 ne
1.nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].I.Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;2.and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,
Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,
Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.a.Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:b.ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,
id. Att. 14, 12, 2:nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,
id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,
id. Mil. 29, 78:vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,
id. Mil. 1, 2:ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,
Verg. G. 3, 561;so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,
id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:non praetermittam ne illud quidem,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,
id. ib. 2, 16, 5:numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,
id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,
Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —B.With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),1.In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.(α).With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):(β).VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,
Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:ah, ne saevi tantopere,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,
Verg. A. 6, 832.—With subj.:2.ne me moveatis,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,
Hor. A. P. 406.—In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:3.ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,
id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):illud utinam ne vere scriberem!
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:ne vivam, si scio,
may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,
id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).(α).In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:(β).ego enim, etc.,
there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,
id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,
id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,
id. Sen. 11, 34:ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,
id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?
though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—In restrictive clauses:4.sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,
only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—In clauses which denote a purpose or result.a.Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:b.haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,
Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,
id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,
Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—Ut... ne separated:c.quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,
Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,
id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):II.ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,
Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.A.In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):B.omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,
Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):b.metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,
that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,
id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:metuebat ne indicarent,
Cic. Mil. 21, 57:mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,
id. Mur. 41, 88:hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,
id. Att. 5, 21, 3:id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 715:terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,
Liv. 24, 42 —When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:c.vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,
id. ib. 5, 18, 1:timeo ne non impetrem,
id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—With the negative before the verb:C.non vereor, ne quid temere facias,
Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:2.qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,
Cic. Fat. 1, 1:unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,
Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;(α).which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.In direct interrogations, with indic.:(β).meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:potestne rerum major esse dissensio?
id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:tune id veritus es?
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,
id. Pis. 1, 1:quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?
id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?
Verg. A. 4, 538:tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:valuistin?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:pergin autem?
id. ib. 1, 3, 41:vin commutemus?
id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;(γ).so quin for quine,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?
Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,
id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:(δ).ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,
Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,
id. Att. 12, 24, 1:videto vasa, multane sient,
Cato, R. R. 1:quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:(ε).quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?
id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:illa rogare: Quantane?
id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:(ζ).misine ego ad te epistulam?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—Rarely = num:b.potestne virtus servire?
Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:potesne dicere?
id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):3.est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,
Liv. 5, 28, 5:cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).I.In gen.:II.ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,
id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:ne iste,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:ne tu hercle,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:edepol ne ego,
id. Men. 5, 5, 10:edepol ne tu,
id. ib. 1, 2, 50:ne ista edepol,
id. Am. 2, 2, 213:ne istuc mecastor,
id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):ne ille, medius fidius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:medius fidius ne tu,
id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:edepol ne meam operam, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Derivative (generalizations) — Derivative is a fundamental construction of differential calculus and admits many possible generalizations within the fields of mathematical analysis, combinatorics, algebra, and geometry. Derivatives in analysis In real, complex, and functional… … Wikipedia
Time derivative — A time derivative is a derivative of a function with respect to time, usually interpreted as the rate of change of the value of the function. The variable denoting time is usually written as t,.NotationA variety of notations are used to denote… … Wikipedia
Time-scale calculus — In mathematics, time scale calculus is a unification of the theory of difference equations with that of differential equations, unifying integral and differential calculus with the calculus of finite differences, offering a formalism for studying … Wikipedia
Time — This article is about the measurement. For the magazine, see Time (magazine). For other uses, see Time (disambiguation). The flow of sand in an hourglass can be used to keep track of elapsed time. It also concretely represents the present as… … Wikipedia
Time resolved photon emission prober — The Time Resolved Photon Emission Prober (TRPE) is an instrument which is used to measure timing waveforms on semiconductor devices. TRPE measurements are performed on the back side of the semiconductor device. The substrate of the device under… … Wikipedia
Time-dependent density functional theory — (TDDFT) is a quantum mechanical method used inphysics and chemistry to investigate the proprieties of many body systems beyond the ground statestructure. It s an extension of density functional theory (DFT) to the time dependent domain asa method … Wikipedia
Derivative — This article is an overview of the term as used in calculus. For a less technical overview of the subject, see Differential calculus. For other uses, see Derivative (disambiguation) … Wikipedia
Derivative (finance) — Financial markets Public market Exchange Securities Bond market Fixed income Corporate bond Government bond Municipal bond … Wikipedia
Derivative work — L.H.O.O.Q. (1919). Derivative work by Marcel Duchamp based on the Mona Lisa (La Gioconda) by Leonardo da Vinci. Also known as The Mona Lisa With a Moustache. Often used by law professors to illustrate legal concept of derivative work. In United… … Wikipedia
derivative — derivatively, adv. derivativeness, n. /di riv euh tiv/, adj. 1. derived. 2. not original; secondary. n. 3. something derived. 4. Also called derived form. Gram. a form that has undergone derivation from anoth … Universalium
Time scale calculus — In mathematics, time scale calculus is a unification of the theory of difference equations with that of differential equations [ [http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17924045.000 taming natures numbers.html Taming nature s numbers] New… … Wikipedia